SECRECY NEWS
from the FAS Project on Government Secrecy
Volume 2007, Issue No. 14
February 6, 2007

Secrecy News Blog: http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/

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ISOO ASKS ATTORNEY GENERAL TO RULE ON CHENEY'S ROLE

In an extraordinary internal challenge to the unruly Office of the Vice President (OVP), the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO) has formally petitioned the Attorney General to direct the OVP to comply with a requirement that executive branch organizations disclose statistics on their classification and declassification activity to ISOO.

For the last three years, Vice President Cheney's office has refused to divulge its classification statistics to ISOO, despite a seemingly explicit requirement that it do so. Prior to 2002, such information had routinely been transmitted and reported in ISOO's annual reports to the President.

The disclosure requirement appears in ISOO Directive 1 (at section 2001.80): "Each agency that creates or handles classified information shall report annually to the Director of ISOO statistics related to its security classification program."

Such ISOO directives "shall be binding upon the agencies," President Bush wrote in Executive Order 13292 (section 5.1). Significantly, an "agency" here means not only a statutorily-defined executive branch agency (which would not include the OVP), but also refers to "any other entity within the executive branch that comes into the possession of classified information" (which would include the OVP).

Last May, the Federation of American Scientists urged ISOO to press for the Vice President's compliance. (SN, 05/31/06).

"Since the Office of the Vice President has publicly staked out a position that openly defies the plain language of the executive order, ISOO now has a responsibility to clarify the matter," we wrote at that time. "Otherwise, every agency will feel free to re-interpret the order in idiosyncratic and self-serving ways."

This week ISOO indicated that it was actively pursuing the matter.

"With respect to the question you raised, I was unsuccessful in achieving a common understanding with OVP," wrote ISOO director J. William Leonard in a February 5 email message.

"Accordingly, in early January, pursuant to section 6.2(b), Executive Order 12958, as amended, I wrote the Attorney General requesting that he render an interpretation on the issue," he wrote.

(Section 6.2(b) of the executive order states that "The Attorney General, upon request by the head of an agency or the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office, shall render an interpretation of this order with respect to any question arising in the course of its administration.")

"I have not received a reply to this request as of yet," Mr. Leonard wrote.

He declined to provide a copy of his January letter to the Attorney General, explaining that it is pre-decisional.

The Justice Department has been asked at least once before to resolve a dispute over implementation of the executive order on classification.

In 1999, the Central Intelligence Agency refused to accept the jurisdiction of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel over Agency classification activity. But the Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel issued a ruling in October 1999 that the CIA classification decisions were indeed subject to ISCAP review. That state of affairs was modified by President Bush in 2003, when he effectively gave the Director of Central Intelligence a veto over ISCAP decisions.

ARMY MANUAL ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

A U.S. Army manual on psychological operations elaborates upon the role of PSYOP in military activities.

"The employment of any element of national power, particularly the military element, has always had a psychological dimension. Foreign perceptions of U.S. military capabilities are fundamental to strategic deterrence. The effectiveness of deterrence hinges on U.S. ability to influence the perceptions of others."

"The purpose of PSYOP is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to U.S. national objectives... When properly employed, PSYOP can save lives of friendly and adversary forces by reducing the adversaries' will to fight. By lowering adversary morale and reducing their efficiency, PSYOP can also discourage aggressive actions and create dissidence and disaffection within their ranks, ultimately inducing surrender."

The 179 page manual has not been approved for public release, but a copy was obtained by Secrecy News.

See "Psychological Operations," Field Manual FM 3-05.30, April 2005:

LEE S. STRICKLAND, FORMER CIA OFFICER

Secrecy News was sad to learn that Lee S. Strickland, a former Central Intelligence Agency official, died on January 23.

We first encountered him perhaps 15 years ago when he was the head of the CIA Freedom of Information office, where he used to reliably deny our FOIA requests. Over the years he seemed to enlarge his horizons and to admit the possibility of contrasting views. He taught his students at the University of Maryland that information policy could be exciting as well as important. And he was a nice guy.

See this obituary for Lee Strickland from the University of Maryland College of Information Studies:

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Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.

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