SECRECY NEWS
from the FAS Project on Government Secrecy
Volume 2013, Issue No. 72
August 6, 2013

Secrecy News Blog: http://blogs.fas.org/secrecy/

MILITARY TESTS DATA MINING OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR SPECIAL OPS

The U.S. military has been investigating the use of sophisticated data mining tools to probe social media and other open sources in order to support military operations against money laundering, drug trafficking, terrorism and other threats. But the window for doing so may be closing as the social media landscape changes, according to an internal assessment.

U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) National Capital Region (NCR) conducted a series of experiments over the past year under the rubric "QUANTUM LEAP" that was intended to test "non-traditional" tools and techniques to advance the SOCOM mission.

An after-action report on the first experiment said it "was successful in identifying strategies and techniques for exploiting open sources of information, particularly social media, in support of a counter threat finance mission." Counter threat finance refers to efforts to disrupt an adversary's finances. A copy of the SOCOM NCR report was obtained by Secrecy News. See "Project QUANTUM LEAP: After Action Report," 12 September 2012:

"Major lessons learned were the pronounced utility of social media in exploiting human networks, including networks in which individual members actively seek to limit their exposure to the internet and social media...," the report said.

The QUANTUM LEAP project, which did not utilize classified intelligence, relied heavily on participation by private sector firms identified in the report, who demonstrated tools they had developed "to enhance the ability to discover relationships, human networks, and geospatial features" from open source data.

A tool called Social Bubble permitted the search of Twitter-related content "to explore human networks associated with the [counter threat finance] scenario and enabled identification of various entities... associated with the moneylaundering network." A tool called Recon was used to reconstruct source documents from a raw data stream. Another tool served to "collect large quantities of data from the 'deep web', or sources which are accessible via the internet but not necessarily indexed or linked via a world wide web page." And another called Semantica "is capable of ingesting structured and semi-structured data and displaying it in a 'triplet' format, e.g. two entities and a relationship, such as [A is owned by B]."

"More than 200 additional open-source tools and sources were identified relevant to counter threat finance," the SOCOM report said.

The report said that as valuable as the opportunity created by new techniques for data mining of open sources appears to be, it may prove to be transient.

"We are currently in a 'window' of opportunity for exploitation of social media sources for application to CTF [counter threat finance] or other SOCOM NCR missions. This window could be as narrow as 18-24 months before the social media phenomenon transforms. This future transformation is unknown and could offer additional opportunities, or existing opportunities could be closed, but the only thing that is certain is that there will continue to be rapid change."

There are also unresolved legal issues.

"Legal review of the appropriate use and application of social media data is in its infancy. Social media is transforming notions of privacy and distinctions between personally identifiable information (PII) and self-reported public information will have to be established by precedent in case law," the report said.

"Almost all information relevant to the QUANTUM LEAP experiment has a locative context [revealing the location of the source]. Location based services (LBS) are becoming integrated into every facet of our lives and are becoming much more accepted. There is a cultural/generational component to acceptance of LBS in social media," the report said.

SOCOM Public Affairs did not respond to requests for comment or further information about the project, and the report describing the effort (labeled "draft") has not been formally released. However, the report was kept unclassified, facilitating its dissemination and discussion among the interested public.

Meanwhile, the future of SOCOM National Capital Region is itself uncertain, as Congress has thus far declined to authorize or appropriate funds that were requested for it in the coming fiscal year.

"The Committee remains unclear about the function, purpose, and costs associated with the operations, infrastructure, and facilities for this entity [SOCOM National Capital Region] both in the interim phase and the final end-state," according to a June 2013 report of the House Appropriations Committee. "Further, the Committee has received conflicting information over the course of the last year as to the purpose of this entity."

Project QUANTUM LEAP derives its name and inspiration from an initiative in the late 1990s to incorporate advanced technologies into Naval Special Warfare capabilities. That earlier Project QUANTUM LEAP was described in "Stimulating Innovation in Naval Special Warfare by Utilizing Small Working Groups" by Thomas A. Rainville, Master's Thesis, March 2001.

U.S. TRADE POLICY, AND MORE FROM CRS

New and newly updated Congressional Research Service reports that Congress has withheld from online public distribution include the following.

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy, August 2, 2013:

Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy, August 5, 2013:

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues, August 5, 2013:

African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA): Background and Reauthorization, August 2, 2013:

International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance Response Mechanisms, August 1, 2013:

Chemical Facility Security: Issues and Options for the 113th Congress, August 2, 2013:

Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, August 1, 2013:

The MF Global Bankruptcy, Missing Customer Funds, and Proposals for Reform, August 1, 2013:

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Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.

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