SECRECY NEWS
from the FAS Project on Government Secrecy
Volume 2019, Issue No. 31
August 5, 2019

Secrecy News Blog: https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/

EXTREME WEATHER THREATENS MILITARY FACILITIES

Extreme weather events and rising sea levels are causing damage to U.S. military facilities and could threaten U.S. military infrastructure around the world.

"Is the military ready for climate change?," asked Rep. John Garamendi (D-CA). "It is not."

"In the last 12 months, severe storms have devastated Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, Tyndall Air Force Base, and Offutt Air Force Base," he said during the House debate on the FY2020 defense authorization bill on July 10.

The defense bill that was passed by the House therefore included several provisions to require the Department of Defense "to plan for and respond to the threat that climate change poses to military installations and military operations."

Similar requirements to incorporate weather projections in defense facility planning were included in the Senate version of the pending defense authorization bill.

On a political plane, there are still ideologically-driven disparities in perception of the threat of climate change. But those disparate perceptions may soon be overtaken by the reality of climate-induced damage, including damage to defense infrastructure.

"The Department of Defense (DOD) manages more than 1,700 military installations in worldwide coastal areas that may be affected by sea-level rise," the Congressional Research Service observed in a new brief. See Military Installations and Sea-Level Rise, CRS In Focus, July 26, 2019.

"Hurricane Michael damaged every building on Florida's Tyndall Air Force Base (repair estimate $4.7 billion)," CRS noted. "Hurricane Florence dropped 36 inches of rain, flooding three North Carolina Marine Corps installations (repair estimate $3.6 billion)."

Failure to act will incur increased costs, the Government Accountability Office warned in June.

"Not assessing risks or using climate projections in installation planning may expose DOD facilities to greater-than-anticipated damage or degradation as a result of extreme weather or climate-related effects," GAO said. See Climate Resilience: DOD Needs to Assess Risk and Provide Guidance on Use of Climate Projections in Installation Master Plans and Facilities Designs, GAO-19-453, June 12, 2019.

"The effects of a changing climate are a national security issue with potential impacts to Department of Defense missions, operational plans, and installations," the Pentagon acknowledged in a January 2019 report to Congress (with a March supplement).

"Damage to communication, energy, and transportation infrastructure could affect low-lying military bases, inflict economic costs, and cause human displacement and loss of life," warned outgoing Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats in January.

"Global environmental and ecological degradation, as well as climate change, are likely to fuel competition for resources, economic distress, and social discontent through 2019 and beyond," he told Congress.

UP FOR DEBATE: SHOULD US REDUCE ARMS SALES ABROAD?

Over the coming year, high school students around the country will debate whether the US should reduce its arms sales to foreign countries.

Specifically, the national debate topic that was selected for the 2019-20 school year is: Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially reduce Direct Commercial Sales and/or Foreign Military Sales of arms from the United States.

As required by statute, the Congressional Research Service prepared a bibliography reflecting diverse points of view on U.S. arms sales to help inform student debaters on this topic.

"This selective bibliography, with brief annotations, is intended to assist debaters in identifying resources and references on the national debate topic," the CRS document says. "It lists citations to journal articles, books, congressional publications, legal cases, and websites. The bibliography is divided into three broad sections: basic concepts and definitions, general overviews, and specific cases."

The runner-up topic for this year's national high school debate was: Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially change its nuclear weapons strategy.

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Other noteworthy new publications from the Congressional Research Service include the following.

The Department of Defense's JEDI Cloud Program, updated August 2, 2019:

Department of Defense Energy Management: Background and Issues for Congress, July 25, 2019:

U.S.-Iran Tensions and Implications for U.S. Policy, updated July 29, 2019:

3D Printing: Overview, Impacts, and the Federal Role, August 2, 2019:

Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History, updated August 1, 2019:

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Secrecy News is written by Steven Aftergood and published by the Federation of American Scientists.

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