[Back]

[Index]

2. Addington v. Texas, 441 US 418, 1979.

3. American Polygraph Association, Manual for Polygraph School Inspections (Lithicum Heights, Md.: American Polygraph Association, 1983).

4. American Polygraph Association, “Polygraph School Accreditation Standards," 1983.

5. American Psychological Association, Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests (Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 1974).

6. American Psychological Association, Joint Technical Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, unpublished draft, Washington, D. C., 1983.

7. Ansley, N., “A Review of the Scientific Literature on the Validity, Reliability and Utility of Polygraph Techniques" (Ft. Meade, Md.: National Security Agency, 1983).

8. Ansley, N., Quick Reference Guide to Polygraph Admissibility, Licensing Laws, and Limiting Laws (Severna Park, Md.: American Polygraph Association, 1983).

9. Ansley, N., Horvath, F., and Barland, G. H., Truth and Science: A Bibliography, 2d ed. (Lithicum Heights, Md.: American Polygraph Association, 1983). A comprehensive index to international literature on the detection of deception and the polygraph (lie detector) technique.

10. Backster, C., “Methods of Strengthening Our Polygraph Technique," Police 6:61-68, 1962.

11. Backster, C., Standardized Polygraph Notepack and Technique Guide (San Diego, Calif.: C . Backster, 1979).

12. Balloun, K. D., and Holmes, D. S., “Effects of Repeated Examinations on the Ability to Detect Guilt With a Polygraphic Examination: A Laboratory Experiment With a Real Crime, " Journal of Applied Psychology 64:316-322, 1979.

13. Barefoot v. Estelle, SILW 5190, June 28, 1983.

14. Barland, G. H., “A Survey of the Effect of the Polygraph in Screening Utah Job Applicants: Preliminary Results, “ in: U.S. Congress, Senate Judiciary Committee, hearings, 1978.

15. Barland, G. H., “An Introduction to the Number Test," Polygraph 7:203-208, 1978.

16. Barland, G. H., “A Validation and Reliability Study of the Counterintelligence Screening Test," unpublished manuscript, Security Support Battalion, Military Intelligence Group, U.S. Army, Fort George Meade, Md., 1981.

17. Barland, G. H., “On the Accuracy of the Polygraph: An Evaluative Review of Lykken’s Tremor in the Blood," Polygraph 11:258-272, 1982.

19. Barland G . H ., “Detection of Deception Theory, " unpublished, November 1982.

20. Barland, G. H., and Raskin, D. C., “Detection of Deception," Electrodermal Activity in Psychological Research, W. F. Prokasy and D. C. Raskin (eds. ) (New York: Academic Press, 1973), pp. 418-471.

21. Barland, G, H., and Raskin, D. C., “An Evaluation of Field Techniques in Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 12:321-330, 1975.

22. Barland, G. H., and Raskin, D. C., “Validity and Reliability of Polygraph Examinations of Criminal Suspects," report No. 76-1, contract No. 75-N1-99-0001 (Washington, D. C.: National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice, 1976).

24. Barton, M., “A Study of the Admissions Made During Pre-Employment Polygraph Examinations (1964-1975) and Their Significance to the Business Community," unpublished masters thesis, Sam Houston State University, 1976.

25. Belt, J. A., and Holden, P. B., “Polygraph Usage Among Major U.S. Corporations," Personnel Journal 80-86, 1978.

26. Ben-Ishai, A., “Some Remarks on Polygraph Research," paper presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Polygraph Examiners, Chicago, Ill,, August 1962.

27. Ben-Shakhar, G., Bar-Hillel, M., and Lieblich, 1., Trial by Polygraph: Scientific andJuridical Issues in Lie Detection, Hebrew University, 1983.

28. Ben-Shakhar, G., Lieblich, I., and Bar-Hillel, M., “An Evaluation of Polygraphers’ Judgments: A Review From a Decision Theoretic Perspective," Journal of Applied Psychology 67:701-713, 1982.

29. Bersh, P. J,, “A Validation Study of Polygraph Examiner Judgements," Journal of Applied Psychology 53:399-403, 1969.

30. Bitterman, M. E., and Marcuse, F. L., “Cardiovascular Responses of Innocent Persons to Criminal Interrogation," American Journal of Psychology 60:407-412, 1947.

32. Blaylock, K. D., “Use of Polygraphs and Prepublication Review, " testimony before joint hearing of House Post Office and Civil Service Subcommittee on Civil Service and House Judiciary Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, Apr. 21, 1983.

33. Blum, R. H., and Osterloh, W., “The Polygraph Examination as a Means for Detecting Truth and Falsehood in Stories Presented by Police Informants, " The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 59:133- 137, 1968.

34. Borchard, E., Convicting the Innocent (Garden City, N. Y.: Garden City Publishing Co., 1932).

35. Bradley, M. T., and Janisse, M. P., “Accuracy Demonstrations, Threat, and the Detection of Deception: Cardiovascular, Electrodermal, and Pupillary Measures," Psychophysiology 18: 307-314, 1981.

36. Brown, C. C., Methods in Psychophysiology (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1967).

37. Buckley, J., letter to Fred B. Wood, Office of Technology Assessment, 1983.

39. Carlucci, F. C., “Degradation of Operational Readiness/Mission Accomplishment Due to Personnel Security Investigation Shortfalls," memorandum, U.S. Department of Defense, Aug. 6, 1982.

40. Cimmerman, A., “They’ll Let Me Go Tomorrow," Criminal Defense 8, 7-10, 1981.

41. Cook, T, D., and Campbell, D., Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1979).

42. Corcoran, J. F. T., Lewis, M. D., and Garver, R. B., “Biofeedback Conditioned Galvanic Skin Response and Hypnotic Suppression of Arousal: A Pilot Study of Their Relation to Deception," Journal of Forensic Sciences 23:155-162, 1978.

43. Correa, E. I., and Adams, H. E., “The Validity of the Pre-employment Polygraph Examination and the Effects of Motivation," Polygraph 10:143-156, 1981.

44. Cureton, R., “A Consensus as to the Validity of Polygraph Procedures, " Tennessee Law k’eview 22:18-32, 1953.

45. Cutrow, R. J., Parks, A., Lucas, N., and Thomas, K., “The Objective Use of Multiple Physiological Indices in the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 9:578-588, 1972.

46. Davidson, P. O., “Validity of the Guilty-Knowledge Technique: The Effects of Motivation," Journal of Applied Psychology 52:62-65,1968.

47. Davidson, W. A., “Validity and Reliability of the Cardio Activity Monitor," Polygraph 8: 104-111, 1979.

48. Davis, R. C., “Physiological Responses as a Means of Evaluating Information," The Manipulation of Human Behavior, A. D. Biderman and H. Zimmer (eds. ) (New York: Wiley, 1961), pp. 142-169.

49. Dawson, M. E., “Physiological Detection of Deception: Measurement of Responses to Questions and Answers During Countermeasure Maneuvers," Psychophysiology 17:8-17, 1980.

50. Decker, R. E., “The Army Stimulation Test: A Control Procedure," Polygraph 7:176-178, 1978.

51. Edel, E. C., and Jacoby, J., “Examiner Reliability in Polygraph Chart Analysis: Identification of Physiological Responses," Journal of Applied Psychology 60:632-634, 1975.

52. Edwards, R. H., A Survey: Reliability of Polygraph Examination Conducted by Virginia Polygraph Examiners, report for the Commonwealth of Virginia (Richmond, Va.: Bureau of Forensic Science, Department of General Services, 1981).

53. Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., and Friesen, W. v. . . “Autonomic Nervous System Activity, " Science 221:1208-1210, 1983.

54. Elaad, E., and Schahar, E., “Polygraph Field Validity, " Scientific Interrogation in Criminal Investigation, I. Nachson (cd,), selected papers presented at the First National Conference on Scientific Interrogation in Criminal Investigation at Bar-Ilan University and Ramat-Gan, Israel, November 1976.

55. Ennis, B. J., and Litwack, T. R., “Psychiatry and the Presumption of Expertise: Flipping Coins in the Courtroom, " California Law Review 62:693-752, 1974.

56. Ferguson, R. J., The Polygraph in Private Industry (Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1966).

57. Fingerhut, K. R., “Use of the Stimulation Test in Preemployment Testing," Polygraph 7:185-188, 1978.

58. Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (DC Cir. 1923).

59. Gatchel, R. J., Smith, J. E., Kaplan, N. M., et al., “The Effect of Propanolol on Polygraphic Detection of Deception," unpublished manuscript, 1983.

60. Giannelli, P. C., “The Admissibility of Novel Scientific Evidence: Frye v. United States, a Half Century Later," Columbia Law Review 80: 1198-1250, 1980.

61. Giesen, M., and Rollison, M. A., “Guilty Knowledge Versus Innocent Associations: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Stimulus Context on Skin Conductance," Journal of Research in Personality 14:1-11, 1980.

62. Ginton, A., Netzer, D., and Elaand, E., “A Method for Evaluating the Use of the Polygraph in a Real-Life Situation," Journal of Applied Psychology 67:131-137, 1982.

63. Glass, G. V., McGaw, B., and Smith, M. L., Meta-Analysis in Social Research (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1982).

64. Goodman, L. A., and Kruskal, W. H., “Measures of Association for Cross-Classification," Journal of the American Statistical Association 49:732-764, 1954.

65. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Heightened Motivation on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 43: 408-411, 1963.

66. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “The Effects of Task and Method of Stimulus Presentation on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 49:412-417, 1964.

67. Gustafson, L. A., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Perceived Role and Role Success on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 49:412-417, 1965.

67a. Hammond, D. L., “The Responding of Normals, Alcoholics and Psychopaths in a Laboratory Lie-Detection Experiment," unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, 1980.

68. Harnon, E., “Evidence Obtained by Polygraph: An Israeli Perspective, " The Criminal Law Review 340-349, 1982.

69. Harrelson, L. H., The Keeler Technique, 2d ed. (Chicago: Keeler Polygraph Institute, 1964).

71. Hayden, T., “ACLU Project Privacy," testimony of Trudy Hayden, in U.S. Congress, Senate Judiciary Committee, hearings, 1978.

72. Hayden, T., “Employers Who Use Lie Detector Tests," Business & Society Review 41:16-21, 1982.

73. Hays, W. L., Statistics, 3d ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1981).

74. Heckel, R. V., Brokaw, J. R., Salzberg, H. C., and Wiggins, S. L., “Polygraphic Variations in Reactivity Between Delusional, Nondelusional, and Control Groups in a Crime Situation," Journal of Criminal Law,. Criminology and Police Science 53:380-383, 1962.

75. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effect of Simple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," paper presented at meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, Minneapolis, Minn., 1982.

76. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effects of Multiple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 19:564-565 (abstract), 1982.

77. Honts, C. R., and Hodes, R. L., “The Effect of Simple Physical Countermeasures on the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 19:564 (abstract), 1982.

78. Honts, C. R., Raskin, D. C., and Kircher, J. C., “Detection of Deception: Effectiveness of Physical Countermeasures Under High Motivation Conditions, " paper presented at meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, September 1983.

79. Horvath, F. S., “The Police Candidate Polygraph Examination: Considerations for the Police Administrator," Police 33-39, 1972.

80. Horvath, F. S., “Verbal and Nonverbal Clues to Truth and Deception During Polygraph Examinations," Journal of Police Science and Administration 1:138-152, 1973.

81. Horvath, F. S., “Detection of Deception: A Review of Field and Laboratory Research," Polygraph 5:107-145, 1976.

82. Horvath, F. S., “The Effect of Selected Variables on Interpretation of Polygraph Records," Journal of Applied Psychology 62:127-136, 1977.

83. Horvath, F. S., “Detecting Deception in Eyewitness Cases: Problems and Prospects in the Use of the Polygraph," Advances in the Psychology of Eyewitness Testimony, J. Wells and B. Loftus (eds. ) (New York: Cambridge University Press), in press.

84. Horvath, F. S., and Reid, J. E., “The Reliability of Polygraph Examiner Diagnosis of Truth and Deception," The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and po]ice Science 62:276-281, 1971.

85. Hunter, F. L., and Ash, P., “The Accuracy and Consistency of Polygraph Examiners’ Diagnoses," Journal of Police Science and Administration 1:370-375, 1973.

86. Iacono, W. G., Boisvenu, G. A., and F1eming, J. A., “The Effects of Diazepam and Methylphenidate on the Electrodermal Detection of Guilty Knowledge," unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

87. Jones, E. E., and Sigall, H., “The Bogus Pipeline: A New Paradigm for Measuring Affect and Attitude," Psychological Bulletin 76: 349-364, 1971.

89. Keeler, L., “Debunking the ‘Lie Detector,’" The American Journal of Police Science XXV:153- 159, 1934.

89a. Kircher, J. C., “Computerized Decision-Making and Patterns of Activation in the Detection of Deception," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1983.

90. Kircher, J. C., and Raskin, D. C., “Computerized Decisionmaking in the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 18:204-205, 1981.

91. Kircher, J. C., and Raskin, D. C., “Clinical Versus Statistical Lie Detection Revisited: Through a Lens Sharply," unpublished, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1983.

92. Kleinmuntz, B., and Szucko, B., “On the Fallibility of Lie Detection," Law and Society Review 17:84-104, 1982.

93. Kubis, J. F., Studies in Lie Detection: Computer Feasibility Considerations contract No. AF-30- (602)-2270, project No. 5534 submitted to U.S. Air Force, available from the Armed Services Technical Information Service (AD-284902), Arlington, Va. 1962.

94. Kubis, J. F., Analysis of Polygraphic Data, Technical Report No. RADC-TDR-64-101, January 1965.

95. Kugelmass, S., “Reactions to Stress," contract No. AF-61-(052)839, U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 1967.

96. Kuglemass, S., Lieblich, I., and Bergman, Z. “The Role of ‘Lying’ in Psychophysiological Detection," Psychophysiology 3:312-315, 1967.

97. Kugelmass, S., and Lieblich, I., “The Relation Between Ethnic Origin and GSR Reactivity in Psychophysiological Detection," Journal of Applied Psychology 52:158-162, 1968.

98. Kugelmass, S ., Lieblich, I., Ben-Ishai, A ., Opatowski, A., and Kaplan M., “Experimental Evaluation of Galvanic Skin Response and Blood Pressure Change Indices During Criminal Interrogation," The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 59:632-635, 1968.

100. Lahri, S. K., and Ganguly, A. K., “Experimental Study of the Accuracy of Polygraph Technique in Diagnosis of Deception With Volunteer and Criminal Subjects," Polygraph 7:89-94, 1978.

101. Larson, J. A., Lying and Its Detection (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932).

103. Larson, J, A., “Deception Tests and Lie Detectors," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 12:390-399, November 1921.

104. Lazarus, R, S., Psychological Stress and the Coping Process (New York: McGraw Hill, 1966).

105. Lykken, D. T., “The GSR in the Detection of Guilt," Journal of Applied Psychology 43:385- 388, 1959.

106. Lykken, D. T., “The Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Technique: The Effects of Faking," Journal of Applied Psychology 44:258-262, 1960.

107. Lykken, D, T., “Psychology and the Lie Detector Industry, " American Psychologist 29:725-739, 1974.

108. Lykken, D. T., A Tremor in the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie Detector (New York: McGraw Hill, 1981).

109. Lykken, D. T., “The Psychopath and the Lie Detector," Psychophysiology 15:137-142, 1978.

110. Lykken, D. T,, “The Detection of Deception," Psychological Bulletin 86:47-53, 1979.

111. Lyon, V. W., “Deception Tests With Juvenile Delinquents," Journal of Genetic Psychology 48:494-497, 1936.

112. Macy J. W., Jr., Chairman, U.S. Civil Service Commission, letter to Hon. John E. Moss, Chairman, Foreign Operations and Government Information Subcommittee, House Committee on Government Operations, Nov. 22, 1965.

113. MacNitt, R. D., “In Defense of the Electrodermal Response and Cardiac Amplitude as Measures of Deception," Journal of Law and Criminology 33:266-275, 1942.

114. Marston, W. M., “Systolic Blood Pressure Changes in Deception," Journal of Experimental Psychology 2:143-163, 1917.

115. Matte, J. A., “The Art and Science of the Polygraph Technique" (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1980).

116. McEvoy, J. P., “The Lie Detector Goes Into Business," The Reader’s Digest, January 1941, pp. 69-72.

118. Monahan J., The Clinical Prediction of Violent Behavior (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981.

119. More, H. W., “Polygraph Research and the University," Law and Order 14:73-78, 1966.

120. Moroney, W. F., and Zenhausern, R. J., “Detection of Deception as a Function of Galvanic Skin Response Recording Methodology," The Journa] of Psychology 80:255-261, 1972.

121. Mullenix, P. A., and Reid, J. A., “The Pretest Interview and Its Role in the Detection of Deception," Polygraph 9:74-85, 1980.

122. Orne, M. T., “Implications of Laboratory Research for the Detection of Deception, " Legal Admissibility of the Polygraph, N. Ansley (cd. ) (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1975), pp. 94-119.

123. Orne, M. T., Thackray, R. I., and Paskewitz, D. A., “On the Detection of Deception: A Method for the Study of the Physiological Effects of Psychological Stimuli," Handbook of Psychophysiology, N. Greenfield and R. Sternbach (eds. ) (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston 1972), pp. 743-785.

124. Peters, R. B., “A Survey of Polygraph Evidence in Criminal Trials," American Bar Association Journal 68:162-165, 1982.

125. Pillemer, D. B., and Light, R. J., “Benefiting From Variation in Study Outcomes, " New Directions for Methodology of Social Behavior Science: Quantitative Assessment of Research Domains, R. Rosenthal (cd. ) (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980).

126. Podlesny, J. A., and Raskin, D. C., “Physiological Measures and the Detection of Deception," Psychological Bulletin 84:782-799, 1977.

127. Podlesny, J. A., and Raskin, D. C., “Effectiveness of Techniques and Physiological Measures in the Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 15:344-358, 1978.

128. Privacy Protection Study Commission, Personal Privacy in an Information Society (catalog No. Y3. P93/5:1/9/77) (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1977).

130. Pyle, C. H., “The Defense Department’s Polygraph Regulations of 1982, " statement before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, Jan. 25, 1982.

131. Quigley-Fernandez, B., and Tedeschi, J. T., “The Bogus Pipeline as Lie Dectector: Two Validity Studies," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:247-256, 1978.

132. Raskin, D. C., personal communication, Aug. 23, 1983.

133. Raskin, D. C., Reliability of Chart Interpretation and Sources of Errors in Polygraph Examinations (report No. 76-3, contract No. 75-NI-99-0001, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, University of Utah, 1976.

134. Raskin, D. C. “Scientific Assessment of the Accuracy of Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 15:143-147, 1978.

135. Raskin, D. C., “Science, Competence, and Polygraph Techniques," Criminal Defense 8:11-18, 1981.

136. Raskin, D. C., “The Scientific Basis of Polygraph Techniques and Their Uses in the Judicial Process," proceedings of the Stockholm Symposium on Witness Psychology, 1982, pp. 319-371.

137. Raskin, D. C., and Hare, R. D., “Psychopathy and Detection of Deception in a Prison Population," Psychophysiology 15:126-136, 1978.

138. Raskin, D. C., and Podlesney, J. A., “Truth and Deception: A Reply to Lykken," Psychological Bulletin 86:54-58, 1979.

139. Reid, J. E., and Inbau, F. E., Truth and Deception -- The Polygraph Technique, 3d ed. (Baltimore: The Willliams & Wilkins Co., 1977).

140. Robbins, N. E., and Penley, W. J., “Review of Polygraph Charts on Nondeceptive Subjects," Polygraph 4:199-207, 1975.

141. Rosenthal, R., Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research (New York: Irvington, 1976).

142. Rosenthal, R., and Rubin, D. B., “Comparing Effect Sizes of Independent Studies," Psychological Bulletin 2:500-504, 1982.

143. Rovner, L. I., Raskin, D. C., and Kircher, J. C., “Effects of Information and Practice on Detection of Deception," paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, Wisconsin, 1979.

144. Sackett, P. R., and Decker, P. J., “Detection of Deception in the Employment Context: A Review and Critical Analysis," Personnel Psychology 32:487-507, 1979.

145. Saks, M. J., and Van Duizend, R., The Use of Scientific and Technological Evidence in Litigation: Report and Indexed Bibliography (Williamsburg, Va.: National Center for State Courts, 1983).

146. Sarbin, T. R., and Slagle, R. W., “Hypnosis and Psychophysiological Outcomes," Hypnosis: Developments in Research and New Perspectives, E. Fromm and R. E. Shor (eds. ) (New York: Aldine, 1979).

147. Saxe, L., and Fine, M., Social Experiments Methods for Design and Evaluation (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1981).

148. Schroeder, J., “Zone Comparison Test Construction (ZCT) Summary Sheet," unpublished manuscript, 1983.

149. Senese, L., “Accuracy of the Polygraph Technique With and Without Card Test Stimulation," Journal of Police Science and Administration 4:274-276, 1976.

150. Sigall, H., and Page R., “Current Stereotypes: A Little Fading, A Little Faking, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 18:247-255, 1971.

151. Sigall, H,, and Page, R., “Reducing Attenuation in the Expression of Interpersonal Affect via the Bogus Pipeline," Sociometry 35: 629-642, 1972.

152. Simon, M. A., “Shall We Ask the Lie Detector?" Science, Technology, and Human Values 8:3-13, 1983.

153. Skolnick, J. H., “Scientific Theory and Scientific Evidence: An Analysis of Lie Detection," Yale Law Journal 70:694-728, 1961.

154. Slowik, S. M., “Ethics in Preemployment Polygraph Examinations," Polygraph 8:144-149, 1979.

155. Slowick, S, M., and Buckley, J. P., “Relative Accuracy of Polygraph Examiner Diagnosis of Respiration, Blood Pressure, and GSR Recordings," Journal of Police Science and Administration 3:305-309, 1975.

156. Smith, R,, “Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws," Privacy Journal 1:79, 1981.

157. Smith, R., “Supplement to Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws 1982, 1983," Privacy Journal.

158. Stemback, R. A., and Turskey, B., “Ethnic Differences Among Housewives on Psychophysical and Skin Potential Responses to Electric Shock," Psychophysiology 1:241-246, 1965.

159. Szucko, J. J., personal communication, 1983.

160. Szucko, J. J., and Kleinmuntz, B., “Statistical Versus Clinical Lie Detection, " American Psychologist 36:488-496, 1981.

161. Thackray, R. I., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of the Type of Stimulus Employed and the Level of Subject Awareness on the Detection of Deception," Journal of Applied Psychology 52:234-239, 1968.

162. Timm, H. W., “The Effect of Placebos and Feedback on the Detection of Deception," unpublished doctoral dissertation, College of Social Science, Michigan State University, 1979.

163. Timm, H. W., “Analyzing Deception From Respiration Patterns," Journal of Political Science and Administration 10:47-51, 1982.

164. Timm, H. W., “Effect of Altered Outcome Expectancies Stemming From Placebo and Feedback Treatment on the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Technique," Journal of Applied Psychology 4:391-400, 1982.

165. U.S. Central intelligence Agency, Director of Central Intelligence, “Investigative Scope and Adjudicative Procedures Among Intelligence Community Agencies: Personnel Security Survey," 1980.

166. U.S. Civil Service Commission, letter to the President, July 29, 1966.

167. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Government Information and Foreign Operations, Use of Polygraphs as “Lie Detectors" by the Federal Government, 89th Cong., 1st sess., House Report No. 198 (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965).

168. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Government Information and Foreign Operations, Use of Polygraphs as Lie Detectors by the Federal Government (Part 2), 89th Cong., 2d sess., House Report No. 280V (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966).

169. U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Privacy, Polygraphs, and Employment, a study prepared by the staff of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1974).

170. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, The Use of Polygraph and Similar Devices by Federal Agencies, hearings before Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and Government Information, 93d Cong., 2d sess. (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974).

171. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, The Use of Polygraphs and Similar Devices by Federal Agencies, Thirteenth Report by the Committee on Government Operations Together with Separate and Dissenting Views, 94th Cong,, 2d sess. (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976).

172. U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Polygraph Control and Civil Liberties Protection Act, hearings before the Subcommittee on the Constitution (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978).

173. U.S. Congress, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Oversight, Security Clearance Procedures in the Intelligence Agencies (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979).

174. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Education and Labor, Pressures in Today’s Workplace, vol. III, hearings before the Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations, Dec. 15, 1979 (Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980).

175. U.S. Congress, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Preernployment Security Procedures of the Intelligence Agencies, hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight, May 16, 17, 24, June 21, 1979 (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980).

176. U.S. Department of Commerce, The Cost of Crimes Against Business, 1976.

177. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Directive Number 5210.48, Conduct of Polygraph Examinations and the Selection, Training and Supervision of DOD Polygraph Examiners, July 13, 1965.

178. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Directive Number 5210.48, Polygraph Examinations and Examiners, Oct. 6, 1975.

179. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Law Enforcement Investigations, Army Field Manual 19-20 (Washington, D. C.: Department of the Army, 1977).

180. U.S. Ilepartment of Defense, Select Panel Review of the Department of Defense Personnel Security Program, Apr. 16, 1982.

181. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Polygraph Program, DOD Directive, June 1983.

182. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, The Validity of Polygraph Testing (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983).

183. U.S. Department of Defense, Present Status of DOD Research on the Polygraph, report of the DOD Joint Services Group on a Coordinated R&D Program of Lie Detection Research, Aug. 28, 1968.

183a. U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Air Force, response to OTA survey, 1983.

184. U.S. Department of Justice, background briefer on Presidential Directive, 1983.

185. U.S. Department of Justice, Presidential Directive on Safeguarding National Security Information, 1983.

185a. U.S. Department of Justice, “Presidential Directive on Safeguarding National Security Information and Polygraph Examinations of Federal Employees," statement of Richard K. Willard before the House Government Operations Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security, Oct. 19, 1983.

185b. U.S. Department of Justice, response to OTA survey, 1983.

186. U.S. Department of the Treasury, response to OTA survey, 1983.

187. U.S. National Security Agency, initial and supplemental responses to OTA survey, 1983.

188. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Federal Personnel Manual System, ch. 736, app. D, “Use of the Polygraph in Personnel Investigations of Competitive Service Applicants and Appointees to Competitive Service Positions" (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 1973).

189. United States v. Brown, 557 F.2d 541, 1977.

190. United States v. Stifel, 433 F.2d 431 (6th Cir. 1970).

191. United States v. Williams, 583 F.2d (2nd Cir. 1978) .

192. “Uproar Over News Leaks and Lie Detectors," U.S. News and World Report 54:8, Aug. 15, 1963.

193. Waid, W. M., “Skin Conductance Response to Both Signaled and Unsignaled Noxious Stimulation Predicts Level of Socialization, " Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34, 923-929, 1976.

194. Waid, W. M., and Orne, M. T., “Cognitive, Social, and Personality Processes in the Physiological Detection of Deception, " Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Berkowitz, L. (ed.) 14:61-106, 1981.

195. Waid, W. M., and Orne, M. T., “The Physiological Detection of Deception," American Scientist 70:402-409, 1982.

196. Waid, W. M., Orne, E. C., Cook, M. R., and Orne, M. T., “Effects of Attention, as Indexed by Subsequent Memory, on Electrodermal Detection of Information," Journal of Applied Psychology 63:728-733, 1978.

197. Waid, W. M., Orne, E. C., Cook, M. R., and Ome, M. T., “Meprobamate Reduces Accuracy of Physiological Detection of Deception," Science 212: 71-73, 1981.

198. Waid, W. M., Orne, M. T., and Wilson, S. K., “Effects of Level of Socialization on Electrodermal Detection of Deception," Psychophysiology 16:15-22, 1979.

199. Waid, W. M., Orne, M. T., and Wisen, S. K., “Socialization, Awareness and the Electrodermal Response to Deception and Self-Disclosure," Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88: 663-666, 1979.

200. Waid, W. M., Wilson, S. K., and Orne, M. T., “Cross-Model Physiological Effects of Electrodermal Lability in the Detection of Deception," Tournal of Personality and Social Psychology 40:1118-1125, 1981.

201. Weir, R. J., “In Defense of the Relevant-Irrelevant Polygraph Test," Polygraph 3:119-166, 1974.

202. Weir, R. J., “Stimulation Procedures-- A Conservative View," Polygraph 7:209-214, 1978.

203. Weir, R, J., and Atwood, W. F., “Applicant 207. Screening Polygraph Examinations," Polygraph 10:129-142, 1981.

204. Whiteside, G., Profits vs. Polygraph (Phoenix, Ariz.: Associated Grocers, 1979).

205. Wicklander, D. E., and Hunter, F. L., “The Influence of Auxiliary Sources of Information in 208. Polygraph Diagnoses," Journal of Police Science and Administration 3:405-409, 1975.

206. Widacki, J,, “Analiza Przestanek Diagnozowania w Badanich Poligraficznych (The Analysis of Diagnostic Premises in Polygraph Examinations)" (Katowice, Poland: Uniwersytetu Slaskiego, 1982).

207. Widacki, J., and Horvath, F., “An Experimental Investigation of the Relative Validity and Utility of the Polygraph Technique and Three Other Common Methods of Criminal Identification," Journal of Forensic Sciences 23:596-601,“1978.

208. Ziskin, J., Coping With Psychiatric and Psychological Testimony (Venice, Calif.: Law and Psychology Press, 1982).

[Back]

[Index]