Congressional Research Service Reports
on the Middle East and the Arab World
- Israel and Lebanese Hezbollah: Current Violence and Potential Escalation, CRS In Focus, updated October 1, 2024
- Lebanese Hezbollah, CRS In Focus, updated September 20, 2024
- Prospects for U.S.-Saudi Nuclear Energy Cooperation, CRS In Focus, updated September 20, 2024
- Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations, updated September 12, 2024
- Iran: Background and U.S. Policy, updated September 6, 2024
- Iraq, CRS In Focus, updated September 5, 2024
- Possible U.S.-Saudi Agreements and Normalization with Israel: Considerations for Congress, August 20, 2024
- The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy, updated August 8, 2024
- U.S. Sanctions on Iran, updated August 7, 2024
- Hamas: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated August 7, 2024
- Yemen: Conflict, Red Sea Attacks, and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated August 5, 2024
- Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress, updated August 1, 2024
- Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated August 1, 2024
- The Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues, CRS In Focus, updated July 18, 2024
- Lebanon, CRS In Focus, updated July 18, 2024
- Syria and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated July 15, 2024
- Turkey (Türkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context, CRS In Focus, updated July 11, 2024
- Israel: Major Issues and U.S. Relations, updated July 9, 2024
- Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations, updated July 1, 2024
- The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA): Overview and the U.S. Funding Pause, CRS Insight, updated June 14, 2024
- Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress, updated May 24, 2024
- Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations, updated September 26, 2024
- Red Sea Shipping Disruptions: Estimating Economic Effects, CRS In Focus, May 8, 2024
- Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy, updated April 17, 2024
- Bahrain: Issues for U.S. Policy, updated March 12, 2024
- Qatar: Issues for the 118th Congress, updated February 15, 2024
- Iran and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), CRS In Focus, December 8, 2023
- Saudi Arabia, CRS In Focus, updated November 22, 2023
- Israel and Hamas October 2023 Conflict: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), updated October 20, 2023
- Assisting and Evacuating U.S. Citizens Abroad During the Israel-Hamas Conflict and Other International Crises, CRS In Focus, October 20, 2023
- Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations, updated October 2, 2023
- Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa, CRS In Focus, updated September 13, 2023
- Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. Sale of F-16 Aircraft, updated September 5, 2023
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2024 Background Request, updated August 15, 2023
- Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021, CRS In Focus, updated August 3, 2023
- Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War, updated June 2, 2023
- Lebanon, updated May 19, 2023
- Middle East and North Africa-China Relations, March 23, 2023
- U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel, updated March 1, 2023
- The Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan: Selected Issues for the 118th Congress, CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2023
- Turkey (Türkiye): Background and U.S. Relations, updated January 9, 2023
- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), CRS In Focus, updated December 27, 2022
- U.S.-Turkish Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated November 9, 2022
- Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response, updated November 8, 2022
- The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations, updated October 27, 2022
- Israel: Background and U.S. Relations, updated July 1, 2022
- Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, updated April 11, 2022
- Congress and the War in Yemen: Oversight and Legislation 2015-2021, updated February 10, 2022
- Iran Sanctions, updated February 2, 2022
- Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress, updated December 16, 2021
- Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention, updated November 23, 2021
- Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options, updated July 29, 2021
- Congress and the Middle East, 2011-2020: Selected Case Studies, May 21, 2021
- Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, updated May 12, 2021
- U.S. Resumption of Foreign Aid to the Palestinians, CRS Insight, April 14, 2021
- Yemen: Recent Terrorism Designations, CRS Insight, January 29, 2021
- Middle East: Key Issues for the 117th Congress, January 13, 2021
- Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies, updated January 11, 2021
- Turkey: U.S. Sanctions Under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA), CRS Insight, December 16, 2020
- Arms Sales in the Middle East: Trends and Analytical Perspectives for U.S. Policy, updated November 23, 2020
- Israel's Qualitative Military Edge and Possible U.S. Arms Sales to the United Arab Emirates, October 26, 2020
- U.N. Ban on Iran Arms Transfers and Sanctions Snapback, CRS In Focus, updated October 16, 2020
- Israel-UAE Normalization and Suspension of West Bank Annexation, CRS Insight, August 19, 2020
- Iraq: Issues in the 116th Congress, updated July 17, 2020
- Israel's Possible Annexation of West Bank Areas: Frequently Asked Questions, updated July 14, 2020
- Israel and the Palestinians: Chronology of a Two-State Solution, CRS In Focus, updated June 30, 2020
- Possible Withdrawal of U.S. Peacekeepers from the Sinai Peninsula, CRS Insight, May 25, 2020
- U.S.-Iran Tensions and Implications for U.S. Policy, updated May 8, 2020
- COVID-19 and U.S. Iran Policy, CRS Insight, updated April 13, 2020
- The Palestinians and Amendments to the Anti-Terrorism Act: U.S. Aid and Personal Jurisdiction, March 18, 2020
- Israel and the Palestinians: Background Memorandum on U.S. Peace Plan, CRS memorandum, February 12, 2020
- Israel and the Palestinians: U.S. Peace Plan and Possible Israeli Annexation, CRS Insight, January 30, 2020
- Iranian Offensive Cyber Attack Capabilities, CRS In Focus, January 13, 2019
- U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani: Frequently Asked Questions, updated January 13, 2020
- Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions, updated November 21, 2019
- Iraq: Protests and the Future of U.S. Partnership, CRS Insight, updated November 12, 2019
- "Armenian Genocide" Issue Background and Pending House and Senate Resolutions (H.Res. 296 and S.Res. 150), CRS Memorandum, October 28, 2019
- Turkey Sanctions in Pending Legislation: Issues for Congress, CRS Insight, October 23, 2019
- Turkey's Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions, CRS Memorandum, October 21, 2019 (Maps of Syria, Turkey as of October 21, 2019)
- Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status, CRS Memorandum, October 16, 2019
- Turkish Incursion into Syria: U.S. Policy Implications, CRS Insight, October 11, 2019
- Attacks Against Saudi Arabia: Ramifications for Natural Gas, CRS Insight, October 4, 2019
- Attacks on Saudi Oil Facilities: Effects and Responses, CRS Insight, October 1, 2019
- Attacks Against Saudi Oil Rattle Markets, CRS Insight, updated September 26, 2019
- U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate, CRS In Focus, updated June 13, 2019
- Iran and Israel: Tension Over Syria, CRS In Focus, updated June 5, 2019
- U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate, CRS Insight, May 14, 2019
- Iran Oil Sanctions Exceptions Ended, CRS Insight, April 24, 2019
- Netanyahu's April 2019 Election Victory: Implications for Israel's Leadership and U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, April 18, 2019
- Cooperative Security in the Middle East: History and Prospects, CRS In Focus, updated April 11, 2019
- Iran's Revolutionary Guard Named a Terrorist Organization, CRS Insight, April 9, 2019
- Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights: President Trump Voices Support for Israeli Sovereignty Claim, CRS Insight, March 22, 2019
- Coalition-Building Against Iran, CRS In Focus, March 12, 2019
- Israel: April 2019 Elections and Probable Indictments Against Prime Minister Netanyahu, CRS Insight, March 6, 2019
- Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-253) and U.S. Aid for the Palestinians, CRS Insight, updated February 5, 2019
- The Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran, CRS In Focus, updated January 23, 2019
- U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians, updated December 12, 2018
- Yemen: Peace Talks and Current Congressional Action, CRS Insight, updated December 10, 2018
- United States and Saudi Arabia Energy Relations, CRS In Focus, November 19, 2018
- Congress Considers Possible Responses to the Killing of a Saudi Journalist, CRS Insight, updated October 22, 2018
- Iraq: Issues in the 115th Congress, updated October 4, 2018
- The Islamic State and U.S. Policy, updated September 25, 2018
- Decision to Stop U.S. Funding of UNRWA (for Palestinian Refugees), CRS Insight, September 7, 2018
- Turkey's Currency Crisis, CRS In Focus, updated August 30, 2018
- Iran's Threats, the Strait of Hormuz, and Oil Markets: In Brief, August 6, 2018
- Iraq's 2018 Elections, CRS Insight, June 7, 2018
- Lebanon's 2018 Elections, CRS Insight, May 11, 2018
- It Belongs in a Museum: Sovereign Immunity Shields Iranian Antiquities Even When It Does Not Protect Iran, CRS Legal Sidebar, March 22, 2018
- Joint Resolution Seeks to End U.S. Support for Saudi-led Coalition Military Operations in Yemen, CRS Insight, March 20, 2018
- Tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean Focus on the Politics of Energy, CRS Insight, March 1, 2018
- Al Qaeda and U.S. Policy: Middle East and Africa, February 5, 2018
- Administration's Syria Policy Envisions Continued U.S. Presence, CRS Insight, January 26, 2018
- Taylor Force Act: Palestinian Terrorism-Related Payments and U.S. Aid, CRS Insight, December 12, 2017
- Jerusalem: U.S. Recognition as Israel's Capital and Planned Embassy Move, CRS Insight, December 8, 2017
- Iran's Expanding Economic Relations with Asia, CRS Insight, November 29, 2017
- Syria's Chemical Weapons: Continuing Challenges, CRS Insight, October 11, 2017
- Recent Developments in U.S. Aid to Egypt, CRS Insight, September 29, 2017
- Kurds in Iraq Propose Controversial Referendum on Independence, CRS Insight, September 21, 2017
- Arab League Boycott of Israel, August 25, 2017
- Yemen: Cholera Outbreak, CRS Insight, August 2, 2017
- Qatar and its Neighbors: Disputes and Possible Implications, CRS Insight, June 26, 2017
- Israel and the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement, June 9, 2017
- U.S. Foreign Aid to the Middle East and North Africa: The President's FY2018 Request, CRS Insight, June 8, 2017
- Iran's Presidential Elections, CRS Insight, May 5, 2017
- Turkey: Erdogan's Referendum Victory Delivers "Presidential System", CRS Insight, April 20, 2017
- Kurds in Iraq and Syria: U.S. Partners Against the Islamic State, updated December 28, 2016
- Yemen: Recent Attacks Against U.S. Naval Vessels in the Red Sea, CRS Insight, October 21, 2016
- Iran's State-Linked Conglomerates, CRS Insight, October 17, 2016
- Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean, August 15, 2016
- Al Qaeda's Syria Affiliate Declares Independence, CRS Insight, August 5, 2016
- A New Aid Package for Israel, CRS Insight, August 4, 2016
- Turkey: Failed Coup and Implications for U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, July 19, 2016
- Counting Casualties in Syria and Iraq: Process and Challenges, CRS Insight, April 12, 2016
- Iraq: Politics and Governance, March 9, 2016
- Implications of Iranian Elections, CRS Insight, March 4, 2016
- Iran-U.S. Air Service Not Imminent, CRS Insight, January 21, 2016
- The Islamic State -- Frequently Asked Questions: Threats, Global Implications, and U.S. Policy Responses, November 25, 2015
- Aiding Israel after the Iran Nuclear Deal: Issues for Congress, CRS Insight, October 30, 2015
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2016 Request, October 19, 2015
- Russian Deployments in Syria Complicate U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, September 18, 2015
- The Addition of Trainers to Iraq: Background for Congress, June 16, 2015
- Turkey After June 2015 Elections: Erdogan and the AKP Fall Short, CRS Insights, June 16, 2015
- Ending Cash Flow Financing to Egypt: Issues for Congress, June 4, 2015
- Israel After the 2015 Elections: What Does Netanyahu's Victory Mean for U.S. Policy?, CRS Insights, April 21, 2015
- Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations, February 11, 2015
- The Islamic State in Egypt: Implications for U.S.-Egyptian Relations, CRS Insights, December 18, 2014
- Jerusalem: Recent Israeli-Palestinian Tensions and Violence, CRS Insights, November 20, 2014
- Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations, November 4, 2014
- Turkey-U.S. Cooperation Against the "Islamic State": A Unique Dynamic?, CRS Insights, October 21, 2014
- Palestinian Authority: U.S. Payments to Creditors as Alternative to Direct Budgetary Assistance?, CRS Insights, October 20, 2014
- Israel's Iron Dome Anti-Rocket System: U.S. Assistance and Coproduction, CRS Insights, September 30, 2014
- The "Khorasan Group" in Syria, CRS Insights, September 24, 2014
- The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan?, CRS Insights, August 28, 2014
- Conflict in Syria and Iraq: Implications for Religious Minorities, CRS Insights, July 24, 2014
- CRS Insights: Israel and Hamas: Another Round of Conflict, July 18, 2014
- The Kurds and Possible Iraqi Kurdish Independence, July 15, 2014
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Is It a Health Emergency?, June 4, 2014
- Syria: Overview of the Humanitarian Response, May 30, 2014
- Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran, April 22, 2014
- Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy, February 14, 2014
- Possible U.S. Intervention in Syria: Issues for Congress, September 12, 2013
- Egypt in Crisis: Issues for Congress, September 12, 2013
- Egypt and the IMF: Overview and Issues for Congress, April 29, 2013
- Israel: 2013 Elections Preview, January 8, 2013
- Israel: Possible Military Strike Against Iran's Nuclear Facilities, September 28, 2012
- Change in the Middle East: Implications for U.S. Policy, March 7, 2012
- Lebanon and the Uprising in Syria: Issue for Congress, February 2, 2012
- Iran's Threat to the Strait of Hormuz, January 23, 2012
- Palestinian Initiatives for 2011 at the United Nations, October 24, 2011
- Iraq: Map Sources, August 15, 2011
- Implications of Egypt's Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply, May 4, 2011
- Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011
- Iraq's Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief, March 29, 2011
- Middle East and North Africa Unrest: Implications for Oil and Natural Gas Markets, March 10, 2011
- Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations, February 1, 2011
- Israel's Offshore Natural Gas Discoveries Enhance Its Economic and Energy Outlook, January 31, 2011
- U.S. Security Assistance to Lebanon, January 19, 2011
- The Middle East: Selected Key Issues and Options for the 112th Congress, January 3, 2011
- Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress, January 3, 2011
- Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress, December 2, 2010
- Iraqi Casualties: U.S. Military Forces and Iraqi Civilians, Police, and Security Forces, October 7, 2010
- The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq, October 1, 2010
- Iran-Iraq Relations, August 13, 2010
- Israel's Blockade of Gaza and the Mavi Marmara Incident, June 23, 2010
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request, June 15, 2010
- Iran's Economic Conditions: U.S. Policy Issues, April 22, 2010
- Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy, January 29, 2010
- Iran: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy, January 13, 2010
- Israel and the Palestinians: Prospects for a Two-State Solution, January 8, 2010
- U.S. Security Assistance to the Palestinian Authority, January 8, 2010
- Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy, November 3, 2009
- Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security, October 28, 2009
- Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy, October 6, 2009
- Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance, August 7, 2009
- Iraq: Former Regime Weapons Programs and Outstanding U.N. Issues, July 29, 2009
- Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections, July 6, 2009
- Iraq: U.S. Casualties, updated June 26, 2009
- Middle East Elections 2009: Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq, May 18, 2009
- Israel and Hamas: Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009), February 19, 2009
- Iraqi Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: A Deepening Humanitarian Crisis?, updated February 13, 2009
- Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities, updated November 25, 2008
- Turkey: Update on Crisis of Identity and Power, September 2, 2008
- Turkey: Selected Foreign Policy Issues and U.S. Views, November 28, 2010
- Iraqi Civilian Deaths Estimates, udpated August 27, 2008
- U.S. Forces in Iraq, updated July 24, 2008
- Iran: Profile of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, updated July 9, 2008
- Iran's Nuclear Program: Status, June 23, 2008
- The "Red-Dead" Canal: Israeli-Arab Efforts to Restore the Dead Sea, May 13, 2008
- Iraq: Tribal Structure, Social, and Political Activities, updated April 7, 2008
- Congressional Oversight and Related Issues Concerning the Prospective Security Agreement Between the United States and Iraq, updated April 1, 2008
- Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress, March 28, 2008
- The Egypt-Gaza Border and its Effect on Israeli-Egyptian Relations, February 1, 2008
- The World Bank and Iran, updated January 28, 2008
- Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: The Annapolis Conference, December 7, 2007
- Lebanon, updated November 23, 2007
- U.S. Embassy in Iraq, updated October 10, 2007
- Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction, updated September 25, 2007
- Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues, updated September 14, 2007
- Turkey's 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power, updated July 11, 2007
- Iraq: Milestones Since the Ouster of Saddam Hussein, updated June 19, 2007
- International Reaction to the Palestinian Unity Government, May 9, 2007
- Yemen: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations, updated January 4, 2007
- Iraqi Police and Security Forces Casualty Estimates, updated August 29, 2008
- Lebanon: The Israel-Hamas-Hezbollah Conflict, updated September 15, 2006
- Iraqi Civilian, Police, and Security Forces Casualty Estimates, updated September 14, 2006
- U.S. Democracy Promotion Policy in the Middle East: The Islamist Dilemma, June 15, 2006
- Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy, updated March 13, 2006
- Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas: Overview of Internal and External Challenges, updated March 9, 2006
- Fatah and Hamas: the New Palestinian Factional Reality, March 3, 2006
- Palestinian Elections, February 9, 2006
- Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces, updated November 28, 2005
- The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities, updated June 6, 2005
- U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues, updated May 19, 2005
- Palestinian Education and the Debate Over Textbooks, updated May 3, 2005
- European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East, updated March 9, 2005
- United States Aid to the Palestinians, March 4, 2005
- The Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative: An Overview, February 15, 2005
- The Middle East Television Network: An Overview, updated February 9, 2005
- The Middle East Partnership Initiative: An Overview, updated February 8, 2005
- Middle East Free Trade Area: Progress Report, updated February 8, 2005
- Israel's Proposal to Withdraw from Gaza, updated February 2, 2005
- Iraq: Debt Relief, updated March 11, 2005
- Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations, updated May 19, 2005
- Iraq Oil: Reserves, Production, and Potential Revenues, updated April 13, 2005
- Iraq's New Security Forces: The Challenge of Sectarian and Ethnic Influences, March 25, 2005
- Iraq: Frequently Asked Questions About Contracting, updated March 18, 2005
- Iraq: Transition to Sovereignty, updated July 21, 2004
- Iraq's Trade with the World: Data and Analysis, updated September 23, 2004
- Iraq War: Background and Issues Overview, April 22, 2003
- Iraq: U.N. Inspections for Weapons of Mass Destruction, updated October 7, 2003
- Iraq: U.S. Military Operations, updated July 15, 2007
- Iraq: A Compilation of Legislation Enacted and Resolutions Adopted by Congress, 1990-2003, updated March 27, 2003
- Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations, updated November 6, 2006
- Iraq: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Capable Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), updated March 25, 2003
- Iraq: Weapons Programs, U.N. Requirements, and U.S. Policy, updated September 2, 2003
- Iraq: Former and Recent Military Confrontations with the United States, updated October 16, 2002
- Iraq: Oil for Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit Trade, updated June 14, 2005
- Iraq: The Turkish Factor, updated October 31, 2002
- Iraq: Divergent Views on Military Action, updated January 31, 2003
- Iraq: Post-War Challenges and U.S. Responses, 1991-1998, updated March 31, 1999
- The United Nations Security Council - Its Role in the Iraq Crisis: A Brief Overview, updated March 18, 2003
- Israel: U.S. Foreign Assistance, updated April 26, 2006
- Morocco-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, updated May 26, 2005
- Morocco: Current Issues, updated December 4, 2008
- Palestinian Factions, updated June 8, 2005
- Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States, updated April 26, 2005
- The Persian Gulf States: Post-War Issues for U.S. Policy, 2003, July 14, 2003
- Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues, updated December 8, 2004
- Syria: Political Conditions and Relations with the United States After the Iraq War, updated February 28, 2005
- Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues, updated March 13, 2006
- Turkey: Issues for U.S. Policy, May 22, 2002
- Jerusalem: The U.S. Embassy and P.L. 104-45, September 22, 1999
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/mideast/
Maintained by Steven Aftergood
Updated August 20, 2024
