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For new and updated reports, see the public website of the Congressional Research Service.

Congressional Research Service Reports
on Foreign Policy and Regional Affairs

Policy Issues

• U.S. Sanctions: Targeting International Illicit Drug Production and Trafficking, CRS In Focus,updated August 19, 2024
• Congressional and Executive Authority Over Foreign Trade Agreements, updated August 14, 2024
• Global Human Rights: International Religious Freedom Policy, CRS In Focus, updated August 13, 2024
• Industrial Policy and International Trade, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs): An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• U.S. Trade Debates: Select Disputes and Actions, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• U.S. Trade Policy: Future Direction and Key Economic Debates, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• Foreign Assistance: Where Does the Money Go?, August 8, 2024
• Transnational Crime Issues: INTERPOL, CRS In Focus, updated August 2, 2024
• Dispute Settlement in the WTO and U.S. Trade Agreements, CRS In Focus, updated July 17, 2024
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations, updated July 16, 2024
• Global Women's Issues: Background and Selected U.S. Efforts, CRS In Focus, updated July 15, 2024
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): Living Resources Provisions, updated July 15, 2024
• International Health Regulations Amendments, CRS In Focus, updated June 24, 2024
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, updated June 18, 2024
• International Agreement on Plastic Pollution: Negotiations, CRS In Focus, June 17, 2024
• The World Bank, CRS In Focus, updated May 31, 2024
• International Trade and Jobs, CRS In Focus, updated May 17, 2024
• Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, CRS In Focus, updated May 13, 2024
• U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2025, CRS In Focus, May 6, 2024
• Global Human Rights: Security Forces Vetting ("Leahy Laws"), CRS In Focus, updated April 25, 2024
• Global Human Rights: The Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, CRS In Focus, updated April 25, 2024
• U.S. LNG Exports to Non-FTA Countries: Frequently Asked Questions, April 15, 2024
• United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping, CRS In Focus, updated April 9, 2024
• United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, CRS In Focus, updated April 9, 2024
• The International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court: A Primer, April 4, 2024
• International Atrocity Crimes and Their Domestic Counterparts, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated April 3, 2024
• The OECD/G20 Pillar 1 and Digital Services Taxes: A Comparison, April 1, 2024
• Foreign Relations Reauthorization: Background and Issues, CRS In Focus, updated March 28, 2024
• United Nations Issues: Overview of the United Nations System, CRS In Focus, updated March 20, 2024
• The Global Oil Tanker Market: An Overview as It Relates to Sanctions, March 18, 2024
• Enforcement of Economic Sanctions: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated March 18, 2024
• U.S. Interest in Seabed Mining in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Brief Background and Recent Developments, CRS In Focus, March 11, 2024
• COVID-19: Potential Implications for International Security Environment--Overview of Issues and Further Reading for Congress, updated February 29, 2024
• The U.S. Department of State: Background and Selected Issues for the 118th Congress, CRS In Focus, updated February 23, 2024
• U.S. Tariff Policy: Overview, CRS In Focus, updated February 22, 2024
• U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues, CRS In Focus, updated February 21, 2024
• Foreign Direct Investment: Overview and Issues, CRS In Focus, updated February 21, 2024
• The World Trade Organization, CRS In Focus, updated February 16, 2024
• Global Health Security: Background and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, February 9, 2024
• International Tax Proposals Addressing Profit Shifting: Pillars 1 and 2, CRS In Focus, updated January 31, 2024
• Implementing Agreements Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), CRS In Focus, January 29, 2024
• Democracy and Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy: Tools and Considerations for Congress, January 4, 2024
• The First Prosecution Under the War Crimes Act: Overview and International Legal Context, CRS Legal Sidebar, December 22, 2023
• The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Permanent Normal Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, December 20, 2023
• Coup-Related Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid Appropriations, CRS In Focus, updated December 12, 2023
• U.S. Efforts to Manage Western Hemisphere Migration Flows, CRS In Focus, November 22, 2023
• Human Trafficking and U.S. Foreign Policy: An Introduction, CRS In Focus, updated November 16, 2023
• Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Pledges by Selected Countries: Nationally Determined Contributions and Net-Zero Legislation, updated November 7, 2023
• Sanctions Primer: How the United States Uses Restrictive Mechanisms to Advance Foreign Policy or National Security Objectives, November 6, 2023
• U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated November 3, 2023
• Assisting and Evacuating U.S. Citizens Abroad During the Israel-Hamas Conflict and Other International Crises, CRS In Focus, updated October 30, 2023
• International Agreements (Part I): Overview and Agreement-Making Process, CRS Legal Sidebar, September 29, 2023
• International Agreements (Part II): Examining Tools for Congressional Influence Over International Instruments, CRS Legal Sidebar, September 29, 2023
• International Agreements (Part III): Transparency Measures, CRS Legal Sidebar, September 29, 2023
• The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), updated May 29, 2024
• Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context, September 28, 2023
• The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions, updated September 10, 2024
• WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy, updated September 22, 2023
• International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget Request, CRS In Focus, updated September 19, 2023
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and International Trade, CRS In Focus, updated September 15, 2023
• Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress, updated September 13, 2023
• Export Controls -- International Coordination: Issues for Congress, September 8, 2023
• United Nations Issues: Congressional Representatives to the U.N. General Assembly, CRS In Focus, updated September 8, 2023
• Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), CRS In Focus, updated September 1, 2023
• State Department Passport Services: Background and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, August 2, 2023
• State Department Country Reports on Terrorism: 2001-2021, CRS In Focus, updated July 21, 2023
• Major Votes on Free Trade Agreements and Trade Promotion Authority, updated June 29, 2023
• Global Food Security: Selected Multilateral Efforts, CRS In Focus, June 21, 2023
• CPTPP: Overview and Issues for Congress, updated June 16, 2023
• U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), CRS In Focus, updated June 1, 2023
• Selecting the World Bank President, updated May 10, 2023
• U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2024, CRS In Focus, updated April 24, 2023
• World Trade Organization Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations, CRS In Focus, April 13, 2023
• International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress, updated April 7, 2023
• Labor Enforcement Issues in U.S. FTAs, CRS In Focus, updated March 23, 2023
• Women, Peace, and Security: Global Context and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, March 15, 2023
• Sovereign Debt Concerns in Developing Countries, CRS In Focus, updated March 6, 2023
• Ejiao and the Donkey Hide Trade, March 3, 2023
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations, updated January 23, 2023
• Foreign Ownership of U.S. Agriculture: Selected Policy Options, CRS In Focus, January 19, 2023
• Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations, updated January 18, 2023
• U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade, updated January 10, 2023
• U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2020-FY2023 Appropriations, CRS In Focus, updated January 4, 2023
• The U.N. Climate Conference 2022 (COP27): Outcomes, CRS In Focus, December 19, 2022
• Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), CRS In Focus, updated October 17, 2022
• The U.S. Dollar as the World's Dominant Reserve Currency, CRS In Focus, updated September 15, 2022
• Reservations, Understandings, Declarations, and Other Conditions to Treaties, CRS In Focus, September 7, 2022
• World Trade Organization: "TRIPS Waiver" for COVID-19 Vaccines, August 31, 2022
• 2022 Multicountry Outbreak of Monkeypox, CRS In Focus, August 10, 2022
• Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, updated July 15, 2022
• International Migration Trends in the Western Hemisphere, July 15, 2022
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, updated June 27, 2022
• Global Trends in Democracy and Authoritarianism: Challenges to Press Freedom, CRS In Focus, June 21, 2022
• WTO: 12th Ministerial, COVID-19, and Ongoing Issues, CRS In Focus, updated June 10, 2022
• The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA): Background and U.S. Funding, updated May 6, 2022
• International Food Aid Programs: McGovern-Dole and Local and Regional Procurement, CRS In Focus, April 21, 2022
• Global Tuberculosis: Background and Issues for Congress, April 19, 2022
• U.S. International Investment Agreements (IIAs), CRS In Focus, updated April 1, 2022
• Overview of U.S. International Food Assistance, CRS In Focus, March 25, 2022
• International Trade and E-commerce, CRS In Focus, updated March 14, 2022
• Global Refugee Resettlement: Selected Issues and Questions, CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2022
• Overview of the Global Humanitarian and Displacement Crisis, CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2022
• U.S. Trade and Development Agency (TDA), CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2022
• The United Nations Human Rights Council: Background and Policy Issues, updated January 26, 2022
• International Trade in Services, CRS In Focus, updated January 21, 2022
• U.S. Foreign Assistance, CRS In Focus, updated January 18, 2022
• International Food Assistance and Agricultural Cargo Preference, CRS In Focus, January 13, 2022
• Economic Growth Approaches in U.S. Foreign Assistance, January 12, 2022
• Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy, updated January 10, 2022
• U.S. International Development Finance Corporation: Overview and Issues, January 10, 2022
• International Organ Trafficking: In Brief, December 22, 2021
• The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, December 3, 2021
• International COVID-19 Data and Vaccine Distribution: Selected Resources, CRS Insight, updated December 2, 2021
• U.S. Agency for Global Media: Background, Governance, and Issues for Congress, November 17, 2021
• Global Economic Effects of Covid-19, updated November 10, 2021
• The World Bank's Doing Business Report, CRS In Focus, October 29, 2021
• World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction, updated October 18, 2021
• Motor Vehicle Provisions and Issues, CRS In Focus, October 14, 2021
• U.S. Global Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs: Funding Trends and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated October 4, 2021
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2021 Budget and Appropriations, updated September 24, 2021
• Key Issues in WTO Agriculture Negotiations, September 22, 2021
• Trade Remedies: Countervailing Duties, August 23, 2021
• Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status, CRS In Focus, updated August 13, 2021
• The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) Appellate Body: Key Disputes and Controversies, July 22, 2021
• International Financial Messaging Systems, July 19, 2021
• Worker Rights Provisions and U.S. Trade Policy, July 16, 2021
• State Department Personnel: Background and Selected Issues for the 117th Congress, updated July 7, 2021
• Foreign Aid and the Education Sector: Programs and Priorities, updated July 1, 2021
• U.S. Funding for International Conservation and Biodiversity, updated June 25, 2021
• Net-Zero Emissions Pledges: Background and Recent Developments, CRS In Focus, April 30, 2021
• Export Restrictions in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, CRS In Focus, updated April 23, 2021
• Sanctions Programs Targeting Human Traffickers: In Brief, April 22, 2021
• Global COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution, March 26, 2021
• United Nations Issues: Cabinet Rank of the U.S. Permanent Representative, CRS In Focus, updated March 23, 2021
• Agriculture in the WTO: Rules and Limits on U.S. Domestic Support, updated March 3, 2021
• The Senkakus (Diaoyu/Diaoyutai) Dispute: U.S. Treaty Obligations, updated March 1, 2021
• U.S. International Food Assistance: An Overview, updated February 23, 2021
• Rules of Origin, CRS In Focus, updated February 17, 2021
• Foreign Government-Sponsored Broadcast Programming, CRS In Focus, February 11, 2021
• U.S. Trade Policy Primer: Frequently Asked Questions, updated February 4, 2021
• International Trade and Finance: Overview and Key Issues for the 117th Congress, February 3, 2021
• Faces and Voices of the United States Abroad: Diversity at U.S. Foreign Affairs Agencies, January 21, 2021
• Selected Trump Administration Foreign Aid Priorities: A Wrap-Up, updated January 21, 2021
• U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress, updated January 19, 2021
• Economic Sanctions: Overview for the 117th Congress, CRS In Focus, January 15, 2021
• Climate Change Risk Mitigation by U.S. Foreign Assistance Agencies, updated January 5, 2021
• Global Value Chains: Overview and Issues for Congress, December 16, 2020
• Trump Administration Tariff Actions: Frequently Asked Questions, updated December 15, 2020
• The U.S. Trade Deficit: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated December 9, 2020
• COVID-19 Vaccines: Global Health Issues, December 8, 2020
• Foreign Trade Remedy Investigations of U.S. Agricultural Products, updated November 10, 2020
• The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, CRS In Focus, updated October 28, 2020
• U.S. Withdrawal from the World Health Organization: Process and Implications, October 21, 2020
• International Economic Policy Coordination at the G-7 and the G-20s, updated October 14, 2020
• International Parental Child Abduction (IPCA): Foreign Policy Responses and Implications, September 29, 2020
• United Nations Issues: U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, CRS In Focus, updated September 22, 2020
• Trade Remedies: Antidumping, updated September 10, 2020
• Global Economic Growth Forecasts: Impact of COVID-19, CRS Insight, September 1, 2020
• COVID-19 International Responses: Resources for Comparison with U.S. Policies, CRS Insight, August 14, 2020
• COVID-19 and Foreign Assistance: Congressional Oversight Framework and Current Activities, CRS In Focus, July 29, 2020
• Can the International Criminal Court Investigate U.S. Personnel?, CRS Legal Sidebar, June 30, 2020
• Global Democracy and Human Rights Impacts of COVID-19: In Brief, June 26, 2020
• International Criminal Court: U.S. Sanctions in Response to Investigation of War Crimes in Afghanistan, CRS Insider, June 19, 2020
• COVID-19 and Global Food Security: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, June 15, 2020
• COVID-2019: Global Implications and Responses, CRS In Focus, updated June 12, 2020
• Withdrawal from the World Health Organization: Legal Basis and Implications, CRS Legal Sidebar, June 5, 2020
• Countering Corruption Through U.S. Foreign Assistance, May 27, 2020
• Foreign Officials Publicly Designated by the U.S. Department of State on Corruption or Human Rights Grounds: A Chronology, May 18, 2020
• Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade, updated May 12, 2020
• COVID-19: Role of the International Financial Institutions, May 4, 2020
• U.S. Funding to the World Health Organization (WHO), CRS Insight, April 30, 2020
• U.S. Foreign Assistance: Budget Development and Execution, CRS In Focus, April 23, 2020
• U.S. Trade: Recent Trends and Developments, CRS In Focus, updated April 20, 2020
• FY2020 Foreign Operations Appropriations: Targeting Foreign Corruption and Human Rights Violations, CRS In Focus, updated April 17, 2020
• COVID-19 and Foreign Assistance: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, April 6, 2020
• The Global Compact on Migration (GCM) and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated March 27, 2020
• The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA): 2020-2024, CRS In Focus, March 16, 2020
• Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2020 Budget and Appropriations, updated March 12, 2020
• International Food Assistance: FY2020 Appropriations, March 4, 2020
• International Trade: Rules of Origin, updated March 3, 2020
• The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and Tariffs: Historical Background and Key Issues, CRS Insight, updated February 20, 2020
• Oil Market Effects from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Iran, Russia, Venezuela, February 5, 2020
• Escalating U.S. Tariffs: Affected Trade, CRS Insight, updated January 29, 2020
• Escalating Tariffs: Timeline, CRS Insight, updated January 29, 2020
• International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress, updated January 17, 2020
• International Climate Change Assistance: Budget Authority, FY2009-FY2019, CRS In Focus, updated November 25, 2019
• Foreign STEM Students in the United States, CRS In Focus, November 1, 2019
• The State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report: Scope, Aid Restrictions, and Methodology, updated October 30, 2019
• Diplomatic Security and the Role of Congress, CRS In Focus, October 23, 2019
• Global Vaccination: Trends and U.S. Role, October 18, 2019
• Trafficking in Persons: Child Protection Compacts, CRS In Focus, October 18, 2019
• Global Trends in HIV/AIDS, CRS In Focus, updated October 10, 2019
• U.S. Farm Support: Compliance with WTO Commitments, October 4, 2019
• Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues, updated October 3, 2019
• International Food Assistance: Food for Peace Nonemergency Programs, August 21, 2019
• Global Trade Imbalances: Overview and Issues, CRS Insight, August 21, 2019
• A New Director for the International Monetary Fund, CRS Insight, August 9, 2019
• Blockchain and International Trade, CRS In Focus, updated June 25, 2019
• Transformation at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), June 19, 2019
• U.S. Overseas Diplomatic Presence: Background and Issues for Congress, June 6, 2019
• President Trump's Possible Tariffs on Mexican Goods: Potential Economic Effects, CRS Insight, June 6, 2019
• USMCA and Mexico's New Labor Law, CRS Insight, May 22, 2019
• African Swine Fever (ASF), CRS In Focus, May 17, 2019
• FY2018 and FY2019 Agriculture Appropriations: International Food Aid, May 8, 2019
• The World Oil Market and U.S. Policy: Background and Select Issues for Congress, updated April 23, 2019
• Global Measles Vaccination Trends, CRS Insight, April 19, 2019
• International Criminal Court: U.S. Response to Examination of Atrocity Crimes in Afghanistan, CRS Insight, updated April 16, 2019
• The Global Economy: Is Slower Growth Ahead?, CRS Insight, April 12, 2019
• Agricultural Provisions of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, April 8, 2019
• USMCA: Investment Provisions, CRS In Focus, April 3, 2019
• High Court to Determine Proper Method to Serve Process on a Foreign Government, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated March 27, 2019
• Dairy Provisions in USMCA, CRS In Focus, March 26, 2019
• Global Trends: Malaria, CRS In Focus, March 25, 2019
• Department of State and Foreign Operations Appropriations: History of Legislation and Funding in Brief, updated March 22, 2019
• International Trophy Hunting, March 20, 2019
• U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2017-FY2020 Request, CRS In Focus, updated March 14, 2019
• Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2019 Budget and Appropriations, updated March 12, 2019
• Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy, March 11, 2019
• Strategic Competition and Foreign Policy: What is "Political Warfare"?, CRS In Focus, March 8, 2019
• Textile and Apparel Sectors Disagree on Certain Provisions of the Proposed U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Agreement, CRS In Focus, March 5, 2019
• The President's Authority to Withdraw the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Without Further Congressional Action, March 5, 2019
• International Illegal Logging: Background and Issues, CRS In Focus, February 26, 2019
• U.S. Trade Debates: The Case For and Against Trade Restrictions, CRS In Focus, February 19, 2019
• Foreign Aid in the 115th Congress: A Legislative Wrap-Up in Brief, January 11, 2019
• Democracy Promotion: An Objective of U.S. Foreign Assistance, updated January 4, 2019
• Overview of U.S. International Food Assistance, CRS In Focus, December 31, 2018
• Profiles and Effects of Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agricultural Exports, updated December 31, 2018
• Global Trends: Tuberculosis, CRS In Focus, December 27, 2018
• International Approaches to Digital Currencies, updated December 19, 2018
• U.S. Trade with Major Trading Partners, December 18, 2018
• The Asia Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities for U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, December 14, 2018
• The G-20 Summit and Trump-Xi Meeting in Buenos Aires: Key Outcomes, CRS Insight, December 4, 2018
• U.S. Trade Trends and Developments, December 3, 2018
• The "National Security Exception" and the World Trade Organization, CRS Legal Sidebar, November 28, 2018
• Global Human Rights: Multilateral Bodies & U.S. Participation, CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2018
• The United States and the "World Court", CRS Legal Sidebar, October 17, 2018
• Global Trends in Democracy: Background, U.S. Policy, and Issues for Congress, October 17, 2018
• Global Trade Imbalances, CRS Insight, updated September 28, 2018
• NAFTA and the Preliminary U.S.-Mexico Agreement, CRS Insight, September 19, 2018
• Immigration: CRS Points of Contact, September 6, 2018
• Trade Remedies: Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974, CRS In Focus, August 22, 2018
• Nord Stream 2: A Geopolitical Lightning Rod, CRS In Focus, August 7, 2018
• Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF): Cartel Lite?, CRS In Focus, August 2, 2018
• The World Trade Organization (WTO): U.S. Participation at Risk?, CRS Insight, July 31, 2018
• The Trump-Putin Summit, CRS Insight, July 20, 2018
• Tit-for-Tat Tariff Measures and U.S. Trade Policy, CRS Insight, July 11, 2018
• U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2001-FY2019 Request, July 9, 2018
• Trade Deficits and U.S. Trade Policy, June 28, 2018
• The G-7 Summit in Charlevoix, Canada: Changing U.S. Leadership in Global Forums, CRS Insight, June 25, 2018
• Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements: Issues for Congress, May 17, 2018
• Withdrawal from International Agreements: Legal Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Iran Nuclear Agreement, May 4, 2018
• OPIC, USAID, and Proposed Development Finance Reorganization, April 27, 2018
• U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues, updated April 25, 2018
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2018 Budget and Appropriations, April 13, 2018
• TPP Countries Sign New CPTPP Agreement without U.S. Participation, CRS Insight, March 9, 2018
• The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Significance, January 18, 2018
• TPP: Overview and Current Status, CRS In Focus, December 8, 2017
• Efforts to Address Seasonal Agricultural Import Competition in the NAFTA Renegotiation, December 7, 2017
• Potential Effects of a U.S. NAFTA Withdrawal: Agricultural Markets, November 13, 2017
• Renegotiating NAFTA and U.S. Textile Manufacturing, October 30, 2017
• State Exports to NAFTA Countries for 2016, CRS memorandum, n.d., October 24, 2017
• Human Trafficking: New Global Estimates of Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, CRS Insight, October 18, 2017
• U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), CRS Insight, October 17, 2017
• State Department Special Envoy, Representative, and Coordinator Positions: Background and Congressional Actions, September 15, 2017
• Paris Agreement on Climate Change: U.S. Letter to United Nations, August 8, 2017
• Global Engagement Center: Background and Issues, CRS Insight, August 4, 2017
• NAFTA and Motor Vehicle Trade, July 28, 2017
• U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement, CRS In Focus, updated May 14, 2024
• Shinzo Abe's Assassination and the Impact on U.S.-Japan Relations, CRS In Focus, July 20, 2022
• "Stage One" U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements, December 20, 2019
• U.S.-Japan Relations, CRS In Focus, updated June 5, 2024
• U.S.-Japan Announce New Limited Trade Negotiations, CRS Insight, updated October 17, 2018
• The Proposed EU-Japan FTA and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy, CRS Insight, July 14, 2017
• The G-20 Summit in Hamburg, Germany: Key Debates and Outcomes, CRS Insight, July 13, 2017
• NAFTA Renegotiation: Issues for U.S. Agriculture, CRS In Focus, June 22, 2017
• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture, June 22, 2017
• Paris Agreement: U.S. Climate Finance Commitments, June 19, 2017
• President Trump's Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement Raises Legal Questions, CRS Legal Sidebar, June 9, 2017
• State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2017 Budget and Appropriations, May 26, 2017
• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), May 24, 2017
• The United States Withdraws from the TPP, CRS Insight, May 23, 2017
• North American Free Trade Agreement: Notification for Renegotiation, CRS Insight, May 19, 2017
• Renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): What Actions Do Not Require Congressional Approval?, CRS Legal Sidebar, April 27, 2017
• The Marshall Plan: 70th Anniversary, CRS Insight, April 18, 2017
• CRS Products on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), CRS Insight, March 27, 2017
• Moving On: TPP Signatories Meet in Chile, CRS Insight, March 16, 2017
• WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, March 3, 2017
• U.S. International Broadcasting: Background and Issues for Reform, December 15, 2016
• The 2016 G-20 Summit, CRS Insight, September 8, 2016
• The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues, August 8, 2016
• Trafficking in Persons and U.S. Foreign Policy Responses in the 114th Congress, August 5, 2016
• Geographical Indications (GIs) in U.S. Agricultural Trade, CRS In Focus, July 21, 2016
• North American Leaders' Summit, CRS Insight, July 5, 2016
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): Analysis of Economic Studies, June 30, 2016
• Does Foreign Aid Work? Efforts to Evaluate U.S. Foreign Assistance, June 23, 2016
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): Key Provisions and Issues for Congress, June 14, 2016
• TPP Financial Services Data Flows, CRS Insight, June 3, 2016
• Status of the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa: Overview and Issues for Congress, May 25, 2016
• The World Drug Problem: UNGA Convenes for a Special Session, CRS Insight, April 20, 2016
• International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 114th Congress, 2nd Session, February 29, 2016
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): In Brief, February 9, 2016
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Strategic Implications, February 3, 2016
• The Obama Administration's Feed the Future Initiative, January 29, 2016
• The WTO Nairobi Ministerial, CRS Insight, January 4, 2016
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2016 Budget and Appropriations, November 5, 2015
• International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance Response Mechanisms, October 16, 2015
• 2015 Leaders' Summit on U.N. Peacekeeping, CRS Insight, October 5, 2015
• U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): Background, Operations, and Issues, July 21, 2015
• Freedom of Navigation and Territorial Seas, CRS Legal Sidebar, May 18, 2015
• United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress, May 15, 2015
• Seventh Summit of the Americas: In Brief, March 24, 2015
• Department of State and Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Fact Sheet on Legislation, FY1995-FY2015, March 24, 2015
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress, March 20, 2015
• International Drug Control Policy: Background and U.S. Responses, March 16, 2015
• Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP), CRS In Focus, February 4, 2015
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), CRS In Focus, January 15, 2015
• Securing U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel Abroad: Legislative and Executive Branch Initiatives, December 23, 2014
• FY2015 Budget Requests to Counter Ebola and the Islamic State (IS), December 9, 2014
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2015 Budget and Appropriations, December 8, 2014
• The G-20 Summit: Brisbane, November 15-16, 2014, CRS Insights, November 20, 2014
• U.S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, October 29, 2014
• Diplomatic and Embassy Security Funding Before and After the Benghazi Attacks, September 10, 2014
• U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations, August 28, 2014
• The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR), August 27, 2014
• Securing U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel Abroad: Background and Policy Issues, July 30, 2014
• Membership in the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies, June 19, 2014
• Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief, June 11, 2014
• Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF): Summary and Issue Overview, April 4, 2014
• Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy, February 26, 2014
• Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and International Response to Philippines Disaster, February 10, 2014
• Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Negotiations, February 4, 2014
• "Leahy Law" Human Rights Provisions and Security Assistance: Issue Overview, January 29, 2014
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2014 Budget and Appropriations, January 16, 2014
• The Budget Control Act, Sequestration, and the Foreign Affairs Budget: Background and Possible Impacts, December 20, 2013
• Promoting Global Internet Freedom: Policy and Technology, October 22, 2013
• Trafficking in Persons: International Dimensions and Foreign Policy Issues for Congress, July 24, 2013
• The International Whaling Convention (IWC) and Legal Issues Related to Aboriginal Rights, July 22, 2013
• Hague Convention Treaty on Recovery of International Child Support and H.R. 1896, July 15, 2013
• The United States and Europe: Responding to Change in the Middle East and North Africa, June 12, 2013
• Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis, June 10, 2013
• U.S. International Investment Agreements: Issues for Congress, April 29, 2013
• The Berne Union: An Overview, April 5, 2013
• The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), March 18, 2013
• International Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress, February 21, 2013
• Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress, February 19, 2013
• Foreign Aid: International Donor Coordination of Development Assistance, February 5, 2013
• United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues, January 15, 2013
• United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1990-2010, January 15, 2013
• Rising Economic Powers and U.S. Trade Policy, December 3, 2012
• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: Postscript, November 19, 2012
• In Brief: State Department Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO), October 10, 2012
• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: A Preview, August 16, 2012
• The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Candidate Countries for WTO Accession: Issues for Congress, July 26, 2012
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2013 Budget and Appropriations, July 23, 2012
• Rio+20: The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012, June 18, 2012
• The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, June 11, 2012
• Fact Sheet: The FY2013 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request, March 19, 2012
• Building Civilian Interagency Capacity for Missions Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for Congress, February 9, 2012
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2012 Budget and Appropriations, January 6, 2012
• The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, December 12, 2011
• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Honolulu: A Preview, October 25, 2011
• Foreign Operations Appropriations: General Provisions, August 12, 2011
• U.N. System Development Assistance: Issues for Congress, July 29, 2011
• The UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Congressional Issues, July 20, 2011
• United Nations System Efforts to Address Violence Against Women, July 12, 2011
• The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate, June 28, 2011
• Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), June 13, 2011
• U.S. Global Food Security Funding, FY2010-FY2012, April 28, 2011
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2011 Budget and Appropriations, April 22, 2011
• International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute: 2010 Review Conference, March 10, 2011
• Fact Sheet: The FY2012 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request, March 8, 2011
• Foreign Aid Reform, National Strategy, and the Quadrennial Review, February 15, 2011
• United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress, February 11, 2011
• U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea: Living Resources Provisions, January 18, 2011
• The Future of U.S. Trade Policy: An Analysis of Issues and Options for the 112th Congress, January 4, 2011
• U.S. Refugee Resettlement Assistance, January 4, 2011
• U.S. Initiatives to Promote Global Internet Freedom: Issues, Policy, and Technology, January 3, 2011
• The Millenium Development Goals: The September 2010 U.N. High-level Meeting, December 9, 2010
• A New United Nations Entity for Women: Issues for Congress, May 25, 2010
• The International Criminal Court (ICC): Jurisdiction, Extradition, and U.S. Policy, March 16, 2010
• The 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings and U.S. Trade Policy in Asia, February 4, 2010
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2010 Budget and Appropriations, December 29, 2009
• U.S. Public Diplomacy: Background and Current Issues, December 18, 2009
• Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: a Possible Role for Congress, August 25, 2009
• Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: Background and Analysis, August 24, 2009
• Foreign Aid Reform: Agency Coordination, August 7, 2009
• Foreign Aid Reform: Studies and Recommendations, July 28, 2009
• U.S. Accession to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), July 13, 2009
• The Global Peace Operations Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress, updated June 11, 2009
• USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives After 15 Years: Issues for Congress, May 27, 2009
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2009 Appropriations, updated April 3, 2009
• The 2009 U.N. Durban Review Conference: Follow-Up to the 2001 U.N. World Conference Against Racism, November 20, 2008
• U.S. Foreign Aid to East and South Asia: Selected Recipients, updated October 8, 2008
• Proposals for a New Foreign Service Compensation System in the 110th Congress, September 12, 2008
• Weak and Failing States: Evolving Security Threats and U.S. Policy, updated August 28, 2008
• FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for International Affairs, updated January 24, 2008
• Democracy Promotion: Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign Policy?, December 26, 2007
• State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2008 Appropriations, updated December 14, 2007
• Foreign Aid Reform: Issues for Congress and Policy Options, November 7, 2007
• The U.N. Law of the Sea Convention and the United States: Developments Since October 2003, updated October 31, 2007
• The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA), updated October 12, 2007
• Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy, August 23, 2007
• U.S. Strategic and Defense Relationships in the Asia-Pacific Region, January 22, 2007
• State Department and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations and FY2007 Request, updated July 13, 2006
• Restructuring U.S. Foreign Aid: The Role of the Director of Foreign Assistance, June 16, 2006
• The Jackson-Vanik Amendment: A Survey, updated August 1, 2005
• Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations, updated July 1, 2005
• Foreign Aid: Understanding Data Used to Compare Donors, updated May 23, 2005
• U.S. International Trade: Data and Forecasts, updated May 16, 2005
• Republic of the Marshall Islands Changed Circumstances Petition to Congress, updated May 16, 2005
• International Financial Institutions: Funding U.S. Participation, May 3, 2005
• Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy, updated January 19, 2005
• Rising Energy Competition and Energy Security in Northeast Asia: Issues for U.S. Policy, updated February 9, 2005
• Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Overview of U.S. Implementation and International Court of Justice (ICJ) Interpretation of Consular Notification Requirements, May 17, 2004
• The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Relevance to the Present, January 6, 1997

• Benin, CRS In Focus, March 11, 2024
• Botswana, CRS In Focus, July 3, 2024
• Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview and U.S. Engagement, updated July 21, 2023
• African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Overview and Issues for Congress in Brief, updated May 3, 2023
• Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule, CRS In Focus, updated September 28, 2023
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact in Africa, CRS In Focus, updated April 11, 2022
• Wildlife Poaching and Trafficking in Africa: An Overview, CRS In Focus, September 13, 2021
• African Elections in 2021, CRS In Focus, February 1, 2021
• The Trump Administration's Prosper Africa Initiative, CRS In Focus, updated November 17, 2020
• U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa, September 23, 2019
• African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), CRS In Focus, updated July 17, 2024
• Cyclone Idai in Southern Africa: Humanitarian and Recovery Response in Brief, updated May 10, 2019
• U.S. Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview, updated November 7, 2023
• The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations, December 16, 2016
• The Islamic State Woos Jihadists in Africa but Faces Competition, CRS Insight, April 14, 2016
• The November 2015 Terrorist Siege in Mali, CRS Insight, November 23, 2015
• Powering Africa: Challenges of and U.S. Aid for Electrification in Africa, September 14, 2015
• African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA): Background and Reauthorization, April 22, 2015
• Ebola: 2014 Outbreak in West Africa, CRS In Focus, August 8, 2014
• U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit: Frequently Asked Questions and Background, July 31, 2014
• Conflict Minerals in Central Africa: U.S. and International Responses, July 20, 2012
• The Lord's Resistance Army: The U.S. Response, September 28, 2015
• Horn of Africa Region: The Humanitarian Crisis and International Response, January 6, 2012
• Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues, September 15, 2011
• International Criminal Court Cases in Africa: Status and Policy Issues, July 22, 2011
• Piracy Off the Horn of Africa, April 27, 2011
• The Global Economic Crisis: Impact on Sub-Saharan Africa and Global Policy Responses, April 6, 2010
• Sexual Violence in African Conflicts, November 30, 2010
• Illegal Drug Trade in Africa: Trends and U.S. Policy, September 30, 2009
• AIDS in Africa, updated February 2, 2008
• Africa, the G8, and the Blair Initiative, updated June 14, 2005
• Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues, updated June 28, 2005
• Algeria, CRS In Focus, updated July 24, 2024
• Algeria: Current Issues, November 18, 2013
• Burundi's Electoral Crisis: In Brief, May 14, 2015
• Cabo Verde: In Brief, July 15, 2024
• Cabo Verde: Background and U.S. Relations, February 6, 2017
• Cameroon: Key Issues and U.S. Policy, September 22, 2021
• Cameroon, CRS In Focus, updated March 12, 2019
• Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress, CRS Insight, April 6, 2018
• Crisis in the Central African Republic, CRS In Focus, July 8, 2021
• The Central African Republic: Background and U.S. Policy, December 1, 2016
• The Central African Republic, November 2, 2007
• Instability and Humanitarian Conditions in Chad, July 1, 2010
• The Allied Democratic Forces, an Islamic State Affiliate in the Democratic Republic of Congo, CRS In Focus, September 1, 2022
• The Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), CRS In Focus, September 3, 2019
• Ebola Outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Emergencies or Enduring Threat?, updated September 10, 2020
• Ebola Outbreak: Democratic Republic of Congo, CRS In Focus, updated July 25, 2019
• Ebola: Democratic Republic of Congo, CRS Insight, updated October 4, 2018
• Democratic Republic of Congo: Targeted Sanctions, CRS Insight, December 8, 2016
• Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations, updated March 25, 2022
• Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and Current Developments, September 1, 2011
• Democratic Republic of Congo: Transitional Process and U.N. Mission, March 22, 2005
• Cote d’Ivoire, CRS In Focus, August 24, 2023
• Cote d'Ivoire Post-Gbagbo: Crisis Recovery, April 20, 2011
• Djibouti, CRS In Focus, updated August 2, 2022
• The Nile Dam Dispute: Issues for Congress, CRS Insight, July 27, 2020
• Eritrea, CRS In Focus, updated February 28, 2019
• Ethiopia: In Brief, updated January 23, 2024
• Ethiopia's Transition and the Tigray Conflict, September 9, 2021
• Ethiopia, CRS In Focus, updated August 3, 2020
• Ethiopia's New Prime Minister Visits the United States to "Build Bridges", CRS Insight, July 27, 2018
• Failed Coup Attempt in Gabon, CRS Insight, January 9, 2019
• The Gambia, CRS In Focus, updated June 10, 2019
• Ghana: Overview and U.S. Policy, updated April 17, 2023
• Ghana: Current Issues and U.S. Relations in Brief, updated July 25, 2019
• Ghana: Background and U.S. Relations, July 8, 2009
• Gulf of Guinea: Recent Trends in Piracy and Armed Robbery, CRS In Focus, February 26, 2019
• Guinea's New Transitional Government: Emerging Issues for U.S. Policy, April 23, 2010
• Guinea: In Brief, October 16, 2014
• Islam in Africa, May 9, 2008
• Kenya: In Brief, updated July 23, 2024
• U.S.-Kenya Trade Negotiations, CRS In Focus, updated May 15, 2024
• Kenya, CRS In Focus, updated August 29, 2023
• In Brief: The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya, November 14, 2013
• Kenya: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, September 23, 2013
• Kenya: Current Conditions and the Challenges Ahead, June 8, 2011
• Liberia, CRS In Focus, September 15, 2023
• Liberia: Background and U.S. Relations, February 14, 2020
• Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations, May 15, 2018
• Liberia's Post-War Development: Key Issues and U.S. Assistance, May 19, 2010
• Libya and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated September 9, 2024
• Libya: Conflict Disrupts U.S.-Backed Transition Plan, CRS Insight, updated August 13, 2019
• Responding to Libya's Political and Security Crises: Policy Choices for the United States, CRS Insights, July 28, 2014
• Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, updated January 3, 2022
• Madagascar's Political Crisis, June 18, 2012
• Malawi: Key Developments and U.S. Relations, June 2, 2017
• Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations, March 21, 2013
• Crisis in Mali, January 14, 2013
• Crisis in Mali, CRS In Focus, updated August 15, 2023
• Morocco-Israel Normalization and U.S. Policy Change on Western Sahara, CRS Insight, December 15, 2020
• Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations, updated September 30, 2021
• Morocco: Current Issues, October 18, 2013
• Insurgency in Northern Mozambique: Nature and Responses, CRS In Focus, July 5, 2022
• Mozambique: Politics, Economy, and U.S. Relations, updated September 12, 2019
• Cyclone Disaster in Mozambique and Surrounding Region, CRS Insight, March 22, 2019
• Niger, CRS In Focus, updated April 10, 2024
• Interfaith Relations and Religious Freedom in Nigeria, CRS In Focus, October 18, 2022
• Nigeria: Overview and U.S. Policy, updated November 9, 2023
• Nigeria, CRS In Focus, updated July 15, 2019
• Nigeria's Boko Haram and the Islamic State, CRS Insights, March 13, 2015
• Boko Haram and the Islamic State's West Africa Province, CRS In Focus, updated February 24, 2022
• Nigeria's 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis, March 8, 2015
• Nigeria's Boko Haram: Frequently Asked Questions, March 29, 2016
• Nigeria: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, updated September 18, 2020
• Nigeria in Political Transition , updated June 3, 2005
• Rwanda: In Brief, updated February 23, 2021
• Rwanda's August 4 Presidential Election, CRS Insight, July 31, 2017
• Rwanda: Background and Current Developments, June 1, 2011
• Senegal, CRS In Focus, updated April 10, 2024
• Senegal: Background and U.S. Relations, June 20, 2013
• Somalia, CRS In Focus, updated July 27, 2023
• The Fight Against Al Shabaab in Somalia in 2016, CRS Insight, January 19, 2016
• Al Shabaab, CRS In Focus, updated February 14, 2023
• Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace, August 31, 2011
• South Africa: Current Issues, Economy, and U.S. Relations, updated September 17, 2020
• South Africa: Politics, Economy, and U.S. Relations, December 19, 2013
• South Africa: Current Issues and U.S. Relations, January 4, 2011
• South Sudan, CRS In Focus, updated July 28, 2022
• South Sudan's Civil War: Nearly 400,000 Estimated Dead, CRS Insight, updated September 28, 2018
• Conflict in South Sudan and the Challenges Ahead, September 22, 2016
• Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy, October 5, 2012
• The Republic of South Sudan: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa's Newest Country, September 16, 2011
• Sudan's Removal from the State Sponsors of Terrorism List, CRS Insight, November 9, 2020
• Sudan's Uncertain Transition, updated July 17, 2019
• Sudan: Pressure Mounts on the Government, CRS Insight, March 1, 2019
• Sudan, CRS In Focus, updated August 21, 2019
• Sudan: The Crisis in Darfur and Status of the North-South Peace Agreement, June 15, 2011
• Biodiversity and Conservation in Tanzania, July 31, 2024
• Tanzania: Recent Governance Trends and 2020 Elections In Brief, updated October 26, 2020
• Tanzania: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, June 7, 2017
• Tanzania: Background and Current Conditions, August 31, 2011
• Terrorist Attack in Tunis: Implications, CRS Insights, March 23, 2015
• Political Transition in Tunisia, February 10, 2015
• Uganda, CRS In Focus, updated June 28, 2023
• Uganda: Current Conditions and the Crisis in North Uganda, June 8, 2011
• Sub-Saharan Africa: Key Issues, Challenges, and U.S. Responses, March 21, 2017
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa: The FY2012 Request, May 20, 2011
• U.S. Trade and Investment Relations with sub-Saharan Africa and the African Growth and Opportunity Act, November 14, 2012
• Western Sahara, October 8, 2014
• Zambia, CRS In Focus, July 19, 2019
• Zimbabwe: A Continuing Crisis, updated November 27, 2019
• Zimbabwe: Forthcoming Elections, CRS In Focus, July 26, 2018
• Zimbabwe's Political Transition: Issues for Congress, CRS Insight, November 22, 2017
• Zimbabwe: A Military-Compelled Transition?, CRS Insight, November 16, 2017
• Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, September 15, 2016
• Zimbabwe, July 8, 2010
• Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy, October 27, 2011

Americas

• U.S.-Latin America Trade and Investment, CRS In Focus, March 15, 2024
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2024 Appropriations, updated August 6, 2024
• Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices, updated September 27, 2023
• Central America: Expiration of Targeted Sanctions Authority, CRS In Focus, updated October 1, 2024
• Canada: Background and U.S. Relations, July 11, 2023
• Caribbean Trade Preference Programs, February 22, 2023
• Seasonal Fruit and Vegetable Competition in U.S.-Mexico Trade, CRS In Focus, February 22, 2023
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2023 Appropriations, updated January 6, 2023
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2022 Appropriations, updated March 31, 2022
• Anti-corruption Efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean, CRS In Focus, February 1, 2022
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19, CRS In Focus, updated December 6, 2022
• Proposed U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement, CRS In Focus, updated March 5, 2024
• The U.S.-Mexico Genetically Engineered Corn Dispute, June 5, 2024
• Central American Migration: Root Causes and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated November 30, 2023
• Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Key Issues in the 117th Congress, updated February 10, 2022
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2021 Appropriations, updated January 7, 2021
• Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Issues in the 116th Congress, updated May 21, 2020
• Status of Latin America's Anti-corruption Fight amid Health and Political Challenges, CRS Insight, April 21, 2020
• Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information, updated October 27, 2023
• USMCA: Motor Vehicle Rules of Origin, CRS In Focus, updated December 8, 2023
• USMCA: Legal Enforcement of the Labor and Environment Provisions, May 14, 2021
• USMCA: Amendment and Key Changes, CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2020
• USMCA: A Legal Interpretation of the Panel-Formation Provisions and the Question of Panel Blocking, CRS In Focus, January 30, 2020
• USMCA: Labor Provisions, CRS In Focus, updated January 12, 2023
• The Bahamas: An Overview, updated August 8, 2023
• Canada's October 2019 Elections, CRS Insight, updated October 17, 2019
• USMCA: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), CRS In Focus, September 19, 2019
• The International Joint Commission (IJC), CRS In Focus, updated August 30, 2019
• U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: Policy Issues for Congress, updated November 12, 2019
• U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated February 16, 2021
• Caribbean Basin Security Initiative, CRS In Focus, updated April 28, 2023
• Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations, May 21, 2019
• Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview, CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2022
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2019 Appropriations, March 1, 2019
• Latin America: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in 2019, CRS Insight, updated February 14, 2019
• Recent Migration to the United States from Central America: Frequently Asked Questions, January 29, 2019
• Agricultural Provisions of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, CRS In Focus, October 5, 2018
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues in the 115th Congress, updated January 22, 2019
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2018 Appropriations, May 9, 2018
• Organization of American States: In Brief, updated May 2, 2023
• Organization of American States: Background and Issues for Congress, March 14, 2018
• Potential Options for Electric Power Resiliency in the U.S. Virgin Islands, February 14, 2018
• Hurricanes Irma and Maria: Impact on Caribbean Countries and Foreign Territories, CRS Insight, September 28, 2017
• Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in Latin America and the Caribbean, CRS Insight, February 16, 2017
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Trends and FY2017 Appropriations, February 8, 2017
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 114th Congress, January 4, 2017
• Zika Virus in Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Considerations, June 29, 2016
• The Pacific Alliance: A Trade Integration Initiative in Latin America, March 29, 2016
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2016 Appropriations, January 7, 2016
• President Obama's $1 Billion Foreign Aid Request for Central America, CRS Insight, January 5, 2016
• Latin America and Climate Change, CRS Insights, December 11, 2014
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 113th Congress, August 29, 2014
• Latin America: Terrorism Issues, August 15, 2014
• Gangs in Central America, August 29, 2016
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations, June 26, 2012
• Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Key Issues for Congress in 2012, February 14, 2012
• Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress, December 17, 2015
• ATPA Renewal: Background and Issues, April 14, 2011
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Illicit Drug Trafficking and U.S. Counterdrug Programs, May 12, 2011
• Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean, October 13, 2016
• Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy, updated November 21, 2008
• The MS-13 and 18th Street Gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats?, updated January 30, 2008
• Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America: An Overview and Selected Issues, updated May 27, 2009
• Overview of Education Issues and Programs in Latin America, December 19, 2007
• Marijuana Legalization in Canada: Implications for U.S. Policy and International Drug Control, CRS Insight, updated November 7, 2018
• Canada's Dairy Supply Management System, CRS Insight, updated September 27, 2018
• New Canadian Dairy Pricing Regime Proves Disruptive for U.S. Milk Producers, CRS Insight, April 20, 2017
• Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau's State Visit, March 2016, CRS Insight, March 7, 2016
• Canada's October 2015 Elections, CRS Insights, September 22, 2015
• The U.S.-Canada Energy Relationship: Joined at the Well, June 17, 2011
• Canada-U.S. Relations, updated February 10, 2021
• United States-Canada Trade and Economic Relationship: Prospects and Challenges, September 14, 2011
• Gangs in Central America, May 10, 2005
• Central America and the Dominican Republic in the Context of the Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) with the United States, updated October 24, 2005
• Dominican Republic, CRS In Focus, updated April 28, 2023
• Organization of American States: A Primer, updated May 11, 2005
• Argentina's 2019 Elections, CRS Insight, October 22, 2019
• Argentina's Economic Crisis and Default, CRS In Focus, updated June 15, 2020
• Argentina: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated August 5, 2024
• Argentina Votes for Change in 2015 Presidential Election, CRS Insight, November 23, 2015
• Argentina's Post-Crisis Economic Reform: Challenges for U.S. Policy, April 15, 2013
• Argentina's Defaulted Sovereign Debt: Dealing with the "Holdouts", February 6, 2013
• Argentina: Background and U.S. Relations, June 16, 2017
• Argentina: Political Conditions and U.S. Relations, updated October 12, 2006
• Bolivia: Country Overview and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, August 16, 2024
• Bolivia: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated May 16, 2022
• Bolivia: In Brief, April 17, 2014
• Bolivia: Political and Economic Developments and Implications for U.S. Policy, updated January 26, 2007
• U.S.-Brazil Economic Relations, November 27, 2020
• U.S.-Brazil Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated October 23, 2020
• Brazil: Background and U.S. Relations, updated May 10, 2022
• Fire and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, CRS In Focus, September 9, 2019
• Brazil's Presidential Election, CRS Insight, updated November 16, 2018
• Brazil in Crisis, CRS Insight, September 14, 2016
• Brazil's October 2014 Presidential Election, CRS Insights, October 22, 2014
• Brazil: Background and U.S. Relations, February 11, 2016
• Status of the WTO Brazil-U.S. Cotton Case, December 12, 2013
• Brazil's WTO Case Against the U.S. Cotton Program, June 21, 2011
• U.S.-Canada Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 8, 2024
• U.S. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements, January 6, 2011
• Caribbean Region: Issues in U.S. Relations, updated May 25, 2005
• Chile: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated September 6, 2024
• Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, January 10, 2014
• U.S.-Colombia Security Relations: Future Prospects in Brief, February 14, 2023
• Colombia: Police Reform and Congressional Concerns, CRS In Focus, July 29, 2022
• Colombia's 2018 Elections, CRS In Focus, July 12, 2018
• Colombia's Changing Approach to Drug Policy, November 30, 2017
• Colombia Adopts Revised Peace Accord: What Next?, CRS Insight, December 5, 2016
• Prospects in Colombia: Cease-Fire, Peace Accord Vote, and Potential Disrupters, CRS Insight, September 14, 2016
• U.S. Foreign Assistance as Colombia's Peace Talks on Cusp of Completion, CRS Insight, July 20, 2016
• Colombian Peace Talks Breakthrough: A Possible End-Game?, CRS Insight, October 13, 2015
• Peace Talks in Colombia, March 31, 2015
• Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations, updated December 16, 2021
• The U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Background and Issues, updated May 4, 2022
• U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Labor Issues, January 4, 2012
• Plan Colombia: A Progress Report, updated June 22, 2005
• Colombia: Background, U.S. Relations, and Congressional Interest, November 28, 2012
• Costa Rica: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated September 29, 2022
• Costa Rica: Background and U.S. Relations, June 2, 2009
• Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 117th Congress, updated December 28, 2022
• U.S. Agricultural Trade with Cuba: Current Limitations and Future Prospects, May 14, 2021
• Cuba: Trump Administration Expands Sanctions, CRS Insight, updated June 24, 2019
• Cuba After the Castros, CRS Insight, May 2, 2018
• U.S. Response to Injuries of U.S. Embassy Personnel in Havana, Cuba, CRS Insight, October 6, 2017
• Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview, CRS In Focus, updated April 4, 2024
• Cuba: President Trump Partially Rolls Back Obama Engagement Policy, CRS Insight, June 21, 2017
• Rescission of the Wet-Foot/Dry-Foot Policy as to Aliens from Cuba Raises Legal Questions, CRS Legal Sidebar, January 18, 2017
• U.S. Policy on Cuban Migrants: In Brief, December 16, 2016
• Fidel Castro's Death: Implications for Cuba and U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, December 2, 2016
• President Obama's Historic Visit to Cuba, CRS Insight, March 25, 2016
• Pope Francis in Cuba, CRS Insight, October 2, 2015
• Financing U.S. Agricultural Exports to Cuba, CRS Insight, June 24, 2016
• U.S. Agricultural Trade with Cuba: Current Limitations and Future Prospects, September 21, 2016
• Reestablishment of Diplomatic Relations with Cuba, CRS Insights, July 17, 2015
• Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 116th Congress and Through the Trump Administration, updated January 22, 2021
• Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 115th Congress, updated January 15, 2019
• Cuba: Issues and Actions in the 114th Congress, January 18, 2017
• Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations, May 4, 2018
• Cuba's Offshore Oil Development: Background and U.S. Policy Considerations, November 28, 2011
• Cuban Migration to the United States: Policy and Trends, June 2, 2009
• Cuba's Political Succession: From Fidel to Raúl Castro, updated February 29, 2008
• Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances, updated December 15, 2022
• Cuba: U.S. Policy and Issues for the 113th Congress, July 31, 2014
• Cuba: Issues for the 112th Congress, November 6, 2012
• Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress, January 4, 2011
• Cuba and the State Sponsors of Terrorism List, updated May 13, 2005
• Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), CRS In Focus, updated July 22, 2022
• Dominican Republic: Update on Citizenship and Humanitarian Issues, CRS Insight, April 27, 2016
• The Dominican Republic: Tensions with Haiti over Citizenship and Migration Issues, CRS Insight, July 15, 2015
• The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR): Developments in Trade and Investment, April 9, 2012
• Dominican Republic: Background and U.S. Relations, November 6, 2012
• The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), updated October 10, 2007
• Dominican Republic: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States, updated March 8, 2005
• Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated May 28, 2024
• Ecuador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, July 3, 2013
• A Free Trade Area of the Americas: Major Policy Issues and Status of Negotiations, updated January 3, 2005
• El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations, updated January 29, 2024
• El Salvador's 2019 Elections, CRS Insight, February 6, 2019
• Escalating Violence in El Salvador, CRS Insight, April 20, 2016
• El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations, updated July 1, 2020
• Ecuador: In Brief, February 13, 2018
• Guatemala: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated December 28, 2023
• Guatemala: Corruption, Uncertainty Mar August 2019 Elections, CRS In Focus, updated July 5, 2019
• Guatemalan President's Dispute with the U.N. Commission Against Impunity (CICIG), CRS Insight, updated March 5, 2019
• Guatemala: One President Resigns; Another Elected, to Be Inaugurated January 14, CRS Insight, January 11, 2016
• Guatemala: Political and Socioeconomic Conditions and U.S. Relations, updated March 20, 2019
• Guatemala: 2007 Elections and Issues for Congress, updated January 9, 2008
• Guyana: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated May 15, 2023
• Haiti: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy, updated February 1, 2024
• Haiti: Political Conflict and U.S. Policy Overview, CRS In Focus, August 2, 2022
• Haiti's Political and Economic Conditions, updated March 5, 2020
• Elections in Haiti, CRS Insight, October 20, 2015
• Haiti Under President Martelly: Current Conditions and Congressional Concerns, December 23, 2015
• Haiti's National Elections: Issues and Concerns, July 18, 2011
• Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response, February 2, 2010
• U.S. Immigration Policy on Haitian Migrants, May 17, 2011
• Haiti: Current Conditions and Congressional Concerns, June 17, 2009
• Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns, January 25, 2008
• Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations, November 30, 2023
• Contested Elections in Honduras, CRS Insight, December 19, 2017
• Honduran Political Crisis, June 2009-January 2010, February 1, 2010
• Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations, updated April 27, 2020
• Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations, updated October 13, 2006
• Jamaica, CRS In Focus, updated December 9, 2021
• Jamaica: Background and U.S. Relations, July 9, 2010
• Jamaica: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, February 3, 2006
• U.S.-Latin America Trade: Recent Trends and Policy Issues, February 8, 2011
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Economic and Social Indicators, May 30, 2013
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections, updated June 17, 2024
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 110th Congress, updated June 22, 2007
• Mexico: Addressing Missing and Disappeared Persons, CRS In Focus, updated July 25, 2022
• Mexican Drug Trafficking and Cartel Operations amid COVID-19, CRS Insight, updated April 2, 2021
• Illicit Fentanyl and Mexico's Role, CRS In Focus, updated March 22, 2024
• Funding U.S.-Mexico Border Barrier Construction: Current Issues, CRS Insight, updated April 7, 2021
• US-Mexico Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated June 6, 2024
• Sharing the Colorado River and the Rio Grande: Cooperation and Conflict with Mexico, December 12, 2018
• Mexico's Immigration Control Efforts, CRS In Focus, updated March 13, 2023
• Mexico's 2018 Elections: Results and Potential Implications, CRS In Focus, July 17, 2018
• Violence Against Journalists in Mexico: In Brief, updated March 22, 2022
• Violence Against Journalists and Media workers in Mexico and U.S. Policy, CRS Memorandum, May 3, 2018
• Why is Violence Rebounding in Mexico?, CRS Insight, November 8, 2017
• Import Taxes on Mexican Crude Oil, CRS Insight, February 9, 2017
• Mexican-U.S. Relations: Increased Tensions, CRS Insight, February 1, 2017
• Revisiting U.S.-Mexico Sugar Agreements, CRS Insight, August 12, 2016
• Legislation to Approve the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement, June 19, 2014
• Heroin Production in Mexico and U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, March 3, 2016
• "El Chapo" Guzmán's Extradition: What's Next for U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation?, CRS Insight, February 3, 2017
• Mexico's Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States, September 28, 2015
• U.S.-Mexico Water Sharing: Background and Recent Developments, March 2, 2017
• Proposed U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement: Background and Issues for Congress, August 29, 2013
• Mexican Migration to the United States: Policy and Trends, June 7, 2012
• Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations, updated May 17, 2023
• Supporting Criminal Justice System Reform in Mexico: The U.S. Role, March 18, 2013
• Mexico's 2012 Elections, September 4, 2012
• Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations, updated June 7, 2022
• The Mexican Economy After the Global Financial Crisis, September 16, 2010
• U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation: From the Mérida Initiative to the Bicentennial Framework, CRS In Focus, updated October 1, 2024
• U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: the Mérida Initiative and Beyond, June 29, 2017
• Mérida Initiative for Mexico and Central America: Funding and Policy Issues, August 21, 2009
• Mexico's Free Trade Agreements, April 25, 2017
• Mexico's Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009
• Mexico's Drug Cartels, October 16, 2007
• Mexico and the 112th Congress, January 29, 2013
• NAFTA and the Mexican Economy, June 3, 2010
• Mexico-United States Dialogue on Migration and Border Issues, 2001-2005, updated June 2, 2005
• U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications, updated June 25, 2020
• Nicaragua, CRS In Focus, updated April 26, 2024
• Nicaragua in Brief: Political Developments and U.S. Policy, updated June 3, 2022
• Nicaragua: In Brief, September 14, 2016
• Nicaragua: Political Situation and U.S. Relations, March 17, 2008
• Panama: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated March 6, 2024
• Panama: Background and U.S. Relations, June 26, 2014
• The U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement, November 8, 2012
• Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, November 27, 2012
• Paraguay: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated February 12, 2024
• Paraguay: In Brief, August 31, 2017
• Paraguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, February 1, 2010
• Paraguay: Background and U.S. Relations, September 20, 2007
• Peru: Country Overview and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated April 1, 2024
• Peru: Politics, Economy, and Elections in Brief, April 6, 2016
• Peru in Brief: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States, June 7, 2013
• Peru: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations, July 21, 2009
• Peru: Political Situation, Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, updated January 15, 2008
• U.S.-Peru Economic Relations and the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, July 27, 2007
• Puerto Rico's Public Debts: Accumulation and Restructuring, updated May 2, 2022
• Repair or Rebuild: Options for Electric Power in Puerto Rico, November 16, 2017
• Comprehensive Energy Planning for Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, CRS Insight, November 6, 2017
• Puerto Rico and Electric Power Restoration from Hurricane Maria, CRS Insight, October 3, 2017
• Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority and Debt Restructuring Under PROMESA, P.L. 114-187, CRS Insight, August 8, 2017
• Parliamentary Rights of the Delegates and Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, updated February 2, 2022
• Supreme Court Says Dual Prosecutions by the Federal Government and Puerto Rico Violate Double Jeopardy, CRS Legal Sidebar, November 10, 2016
• Cash Assistance for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled in Puerto Rico, October 26, 2016
• Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress, updated June 6, 2024
• The Zika Outbreak Is Declared a Public Health Emergency in Puerto Rico, CRS Insight, August 17, 2016
• The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; H.R. 5278, S. 2328), July 1, 2016
• Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, June 27, 2016
• Tropical Storm? The Supreme Court Considers Double Jeopardy and the Sovereign Status of Puerto Rico, CRS Legal Sidebar, November 4, 2015
• Puerto Rico: Political Status and Background, CRS In Focus, July 2, 2015
• Puerto Rico's Current Fiscal Challenges, June 3, 2016
• Puerto Rico's Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions, June 25, 2013
• Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress, June 7, 2011
• Trinidad and Tobago, CRS In Focus, updated July 28, 2023
• Uruguay: An Overview, updated April 17, 2023
• Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, January 4, 2010
• Venezuela: International Efforts to Resolve the Political Crisis, CRS In Focus, updated May 26, 2021
• The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance and the Crisis in Venezuela, CRS Insight, updated October 3, 2019
• Venezuela's Natural Gas: Questions Endure, CRS In Focus, July 7, 2023
• Venezuela Oil Sector Sanctions: Market and Trade Impacts, CRS Insight, updated February 11, 2019
• Venezuela: U.S. Recognizes Interim Government, CRS Insight, updated February 6, 2019
• The Venezuela Regional Humanitarian Crisis and COVID-19, CRS In Focus, updated April 30, 2021
• Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions, CRS In Focus, updated September 13, 2024
• Venezuela's 2018 Presidential Elections, CRS Insight, May 24, 2018
• Venezuela's Economic Crisis: Issues for Congress, January 10, 2018
• New Financial Sanctions on Venezuela: Key Issues, CRS Insight, September 1, 2017
• U.S. Petroleum Trade with Venezuela: Financial and Economic Considerations Associated with Possible Sanctions, CRS Insight, July 27, 2017
• Venezuela: Background and U.S. Policy, updated December 6, 2022
• Venezuela: Political Crisis and U.S. Policy, CRS In Focus, updated ָSeptember 1, 2023
• Venezuelan Opposition Wins December 2015 Legislative Elections, CRS Insight, December 7, 2015
• Venezuela: Issues for Congress, 2013-2016, January 23, 2017
• Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy, July 28, 2009
• Venezuela: Issues for Congress, January 10, 2013
• Hugo Chávez's Death: Implications for Venezuela and U.S. Relations, April 9, 2013
• Economic and Fiscal Conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands, updated February 13, 2020

Asia

• The Compacts of Free Association, CRS In Focus, updated November 13, 2023
• AUKUS Pillar 2 (Advanced Capabilities): Background and Issues for Congress, updated May 21, 2024
• AUKUS and Indo-Pacific Security, CRS In Focus, May 19, 2022
• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, CRS In Focus, updated May 4, 2023
• Afghanistan: Humanitarian Crisis, Economic Collapse, and U.S. Sanctions, CRS In Focus, February 9, 2022
• Afghanistan Central Bank Reserves, CRS In Focus, updated March 13, 2023
• Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action, CRS In Focus, updated June 21, 2023
• The "Quad": Security Cooperation Among the United States, Japan, India, and Australia, CRS In Focus, updated July 25, 2022
• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), CRS In Focus, updated May 20, 2024
• The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (ARIA) of 2018, CRS In Focus, updated April 4, 2019
• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), February 3, 2017
• Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress, November 2, 2021
• Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy, July 18, 2019
• Afghanistan: Issues for Congress and Legislation 2017-2020, updated August 19, 2020
• Momentum Toward Peace Talks in Afghanistan?, CRS Insight, updated October 16, 2018
• Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy, updated August 20, 2024
• Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan, CRS In Focus, updated April 2, 2024
• Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, December 13, 2017
• Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, January 12, 2015
• Taliban Leadership Succession, CRS Insight, May 26, 2016
• Afghanistan: Drug Trafficking and the 2014 Transition, May 9, 2014
• Afghanistan: U.S. Rule of Law and Justice Sector Assistance, November 9, 2010
• War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Military Operations, and Issues for Congress, December 3, 2009
• United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan: Background and Policy Issues, December 27, 2010
• Afghanistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance, August 12, 2010
• Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs), H.R. 1318/H.R. 1886/H.R. 2410 and S. 496: Issues and Arguments, October 15, 2009
• Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy, November 21, 2008
• East Asia's Foreign Exchange Rate Policies, May 26, 2017
• Emerging Trends in the Security Architecture in Asia: Bilateral and Multilateral Ties Among the United States, Japan, Australia, and India, January 7, 2008
• Australia, China, and the Indo-Pacific, CRS Insight, April 23, 2018
• East Asian Regional Architecture: New Economic and Security Arrangements and U.S. Policy, updated January 4, 2008
• Afghan Refugees: Current Status and Future Prospects, January 26, 2007
• Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy, August 12, 2009
• Bangladesh, CRS In Focus, updated December 13, 2023
• The Islamist Militant Threat in Bangladesh, CRS Insight, July 21, 2016
• Bangladesh Apparel Factory Collapse: Background in Brief, January 10, 2014
• Bangladesh: Political and Strategic Developments and U.S. Interests, August 14, 2013
• Bangladesh: Background and U.S. Relations, updated August 2, 2007
• The Kingdom of Bhutan, CRS In Focus, updated September 6, 2023
• Brunei Darussalam, CRS In Focus, updated August 18, 2023
• Burmese Security Forces and Personnel Implicated in Serious Human Rights Abuses and Accountability Options, updated March 5, 2019
• U.N. Report Recommends Burmese Military Leaders Be Investigated and Prosecuted for Possible Genocide, CRS In Focus, updated September 10, 2018
• Burma: Background and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated March 22, 2024
• Coup in Burma: Implications for Congress, May 12, 2021
• New Crisis Brewing in Burma's Rakhine State?, CRS Insight, February 15, 2019
• U.S. Relations with Burma: Key Issues in 2019, CRS In Focus, updated May 8, 2019
• The Rohingya Crises in Bangladesh and Burma, November 8, 2017
• Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Policy, updated January 4, 2021
• U.S. Restrictions on Relations with Burma, updated March 18, 2020
• President Waives Restrictions on Relations with Burma's Military under Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2008, CRS Insight, October 12, 2016
• Burma Holds Peace Conference, CRS Insight, September 8, 2016
• Burma's 2015 Parliamentary Elections: Issues for Congress, March 28, 2016
• Burma's Union Parliament Selects New President, CRS Insight, March 18, 2016
• Aung San Suu Kyi's Party Takes Control of Parliament in Burma, CRS Insight, February 9, 2016
• Less-than-Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement Signed in Burma, CRS Insight, October 15, 2015
• Burma's Parliament Defeats Constitutional Amendments, CRS Insights, June 30, 2015
• U.S. Policy Towards Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress, March 12, 2013
• Burma's April Parliamentary By-Elections, March 28, 2012
• U.S. Sanctions on Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress, January 11, 2013
• U.S. Sanctions on Burma, October 19, 2012
• Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions, December 2, 2013
• Burma's 2010 Election Campaign: Issues for Congress, October 6, 2010
• Burma's 2010 Elections: Implications of the New Constitution and Election Laws, April 29, 2010
• Burma and Transnational Crime, updated August 21, 2008
• Burma-U.S. Relations, updated October 4, 2007
• Burma: Economic Sanctions, updated August 3, 2009
• Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh, January 31, 2007
• Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations, updated September 11, 2023
• Cambodia, CRS In Focus, updated May 14, 2024
• Cambodian Elections, CRS Insight, August 1, 2018
• Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations, updated January 28, 2019
• U.S.-Cambodia Relations: Issues for the 113th Congress, July 24, 2013
• Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations, July 18, 2007
• Central Asia: Implications of Russia's War in Ukraine, June 9, 2023
• Central Asia: Background and U.S. Relations, September 24, 2021
• Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, March 21, 2014
• Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests, March 11, 2010
• Timor-Leste: Background and U.S. Relations, updated July 26, 2024
• East Timor: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement, June 17, 2009
• East Timor: Potential Issues for Congress, May 4, 2005
• Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments, November 26, 2014
• Trump Administration's Proposed Removal of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Benefits for India and Turkey, CRS Insight, March 15, 2019
• India's 2024 National Election, CRS In Focus, June 10, 2024
• India's Economy: Overview and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, January 5, 2024
• India: Climate Change Issues, CRS In Focus, updated December 5, 2023
• Changes to India's Citizenship Laws, CRS In Focus, updated April 18, 2024
• India: Human Rights Assessments, CRS In Focus, updated April 24, 2024
• India-U.S.: Major Arms Transfers and Military Exercises, CRS In Focus, updated May 30, 2024
• India-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress, June 16, 2023
• India-U.S. Relations, July 19, 2021
• India-Russia Relations and Implications for U.S. Interests, August 24, 2022
• India's Domestic Political Setting, CRS In Focus, updated June 13, 2024
• India's 2019 National Elections: A Preview, CRS Insight, March 28, 2019
• India, Pakistan, and the Pulwama Crisis, CRS Insight, updated February 26, 2019
• U.S.-India Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated March 31, 2023
• India: Religious Freedom Issues, updated August 30, 2018
• India-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress, June 19, 2017
• India's Natural Gas: A Small Part of the Energy Mix, February 13, 2017
• India-U.S. Relations and the Visit of Prime Minister Modi, CRS Insight, June 6, 2016
• India's New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests, August 7, 2014
• U.S.-India Security Relations: Strategic Issues, January 24, 2013
• India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement, November 13, 2012
• India's Domestic Political Setting (fact sheet), February 2013
• India-U.S. Economic Relations: In Brief, September 26, 2014
• India: Chronology of Recent Events, updated February 13, 2007
• India: Domestic Issues, Strategic Dynamics, and U.S. Relations, September 1, 2011
• Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunamis: Food Aid Needs and the U.S. Response, updated February 16, 2005
• Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami: Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Operations, updated February 10, 2005
• Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), CRS In Focus, updated July 22, 2024
• Indonesia: GHG Emissions and Climate Change Policy, CRS In Focus, January 6, 2023
• Indonesia, CRS In Focus, updated June 11, 2024
• Indonesia Prepares for Election Rematch, CRS Insight, March 18, 2019
• Religious Intolerence in Indonesia, CRS In Focus, October 10, 2018
• Indonesia's 2014 Presidential Election, CRS Insights, August 4, 2014
• Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests, January 31, 2011
• Indonesian Elections, updated May 20, 2005
• U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa and Realignment to Guam, CRS In Focus, June 14, 2017
• The U.S. Military Presence in Okinawa and the Futenma Base Controversy, January 20, 2016
• "Stage One" U.S.-Japan Agreement: Agriculture, October 21, 2020
• Japanese Prime Minister Abe's Resignation and the U.S.-Japan Alliance, CRS In Focus, updated September 24, 2020
• Japan's New Emperor and Era, CRS Insight, April 29, 2019
• U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements and Negotiations, CRS In Focus, updated April 3, 2024
• Trump-Abe Meeting and Prospects for U.S.-Japan Trade Talks, CRS Insight, May 4, 2018
• "Womenomics" in Japan: In Brief, August 1, 2014
• Japan Joins the Trans-Pacific Partnership: What Are the Implications?, August 13, 2013
• Japan's 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Food and Agriculture Implications, May 18, 2011
• Japan's 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States, April 6, 2011
• Japan 2011 Earthquake: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Response, June 2, 2011
• Japan's Historic 2009 Elections: Implications for U.S. Interests, September 8, 2009
• Japan's Political Turmoil in 2008: Background and Implications for the United States, September 16, 2008
• The U.S.-Japan Alliance, updated June 13, 2019
• Japan's Currency Intervention: Policy Issues, updated July 13, 2007
• U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options, February 18, 2014
• Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress, updated January 6, 2023
• New U.S.-Japan Defense Guidelines Deepen Alliance Cooperation, CRS Insights, April 28, 2015
• Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, and U.S. Policy, August 16, 2019
• North Korea: September 2022 Update, September 15, 2022
• North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020, May 5, 2020
• Diplomacy with North Korea: A Status Report, CRS In Focus, updated February 3, 2022
• U.S.-North Korea Relations, CRS In Focus, updated March 26, 2024
• North Korea: What 18 Months of Diplomacy Has and Has Not Achieved, CRS Insight, August 5, 2019
• The February 2019 Trump-Kim Hanoi Summit, CRS Insight, March 6, 2019
• A Possible Second U.S.-North Korea Summit: What Diplomacy Has and Hasn't Achieved, CRS Insight, January 23, 2019
• The June 12 Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit, CRS Insight, June 12, 2018
• The September 2018 Inter-Korean Summit, CRS Insight, September 25, 2018
• North Korea Diplomacy: October 2018 Status Report, CRS Insight, updated October 25, 2018
• A Peace Treaty with North Korea?, April 19, 2018
• CRS Products on North Korea, May 1, 2018
• North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief, August 3, 2017
• Kim Jong-il's Death: Implications for North Korea's Stability and U.S. Policy, January 11, 2012
• South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated June 25, 2024
• U.S.-South Korea (KORUS) FTA and Bilateral Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 21, 2023
• Overview of U.S.-South Korea Agricultural Trade, August 8, 2018
• A Change in Direction for Seoul? The Impeachment of South Korea's President, CRS Insight, March 10, 2017
• The Impeachment of South Korea's President, CRS Insight, December 22, 2016
• The Attack Against the U.S. Ambassador to South Korea, CRS Insights, March 10, 2015
• U.S.-South Korea Relations, updated February 24, 2022
• U.S. and South Korean Cooperation in the World Nuclear Energy Market: Major Policy Considerations, June 25, 2013
• Korea-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress, updated July 25, 2008
• Trade Promotion Authority and the Korea Free Trade Agreement, March 2, 2011
• The Shutdown of the Joint North/South Korean Kaesong Industrial Complex, CRS Insight, February 11, 2016
• Imports from North Korea: Existing Rules, Implications of the KORUS FTA, and the Kaesong Industrial Complex, June 23, 2011
• The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States, December 1, 2011
• Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement: Potential National Sector-Specific and State Export Effects, June 20, 2011
• The Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Automobile Rules of Origin, June 15, 2011
• Dispute Settlement in the Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), March 21, 2012
• Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Potential Employment Effects: Analysis of Studies, April 11, 2011
• The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions and Implications, September 16, 2014
• The Proposed South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), updated July 18, 2007
• Laos, CRS In Focus, updated October 17, 2022
• Laos: Background and U.S. Relations, January 4, 2010
• Malaysia, CRS In Focus, updated January 17, 2024
• Malaysia: Background and U.S. Relations, November 19, 2015
• Malaysia: Political Transition and Implications for U.S. Policy, October 21, 2003
• Maldives: Background and Issues Facing Congress, CRS In Focus, May 29, 2024
• Mongolia, CRS In Focus, updated October 4, 2023
• Mongolia: Issues for Congress, September 3, 2014
• Mongolia and U.S. Policy: Political and Economic Relations, June 18, 2009
• Nepal, CRS In Focus, updated October 23, 2023
• Nepal: Political Developments and Bilateral Relations with the United States, April 7, 2011
• Nepal: Background and U.S. Relations, updated February 2, 2006
• New Zealand-U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 24, 2024
• New Zealand: Background and Relations with the United States, updated May 12, 2021
• New Zealand: U.S. Security Cooperation and the U.S. Rebalancing to Asia Strategy, March 8, 2013
• New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States, May 27, 2011
• Non-Governmental Organizations' Activities in North Korea, March 25, 2011
• North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions, updated May 31, 2023
• Congress and U.S. Policy on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees: Recent Legislation and Implementation, updated January 30, 2009
• North Korea's Abduction of Japanese Citizens and the Six-Party Talks, March 19, 2008
• The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex, April 18, 2011
• North Korean Crime-for-Profit Activities, updated August 25, 2008
• North Korea: Back on the State Sponsors of Terrorism Lists?, January 21, 2015
• North Korean Counterfeiting of U.S. Currency, June 12, 2009
• Foreign Assistance to North Korea, April 2, 2014
• U.S. Assistance to North Korea, updated July 31, 2008
• North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy Analysis, January 22, 2010
• Drug Trafficking and North Korea: Issues for U.S. Policy, updated January 25, 2007
• North Korea: A Chronology of Events, October 2002-December 2004, January 24, 2005
• North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950-2007, updated April 20, 2007
• North Korea: Economic Sanctions, updated October 17, 2006
• Korea: U.S.-Korean Relations -- Issues for Congress, updated June 16, 2005
• The Pacific Islands, CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2023
• Pakistan and Pakistan-U.S. Relations, May 22, 2023
• Pakistan: Human Rights Assessments, CRS In Focus, updated May 8, 2024
• Pakistan's 2022 Floods and Implications for U.S. Interests, CRS In Focus, updated September 23, 2022
• Terrorist and Other Militant Groups in Pakistan, updated December 1, 2023
• Pakistan-U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 8, 2021
• Pakistan's Sindh Province, October 29, 2015
• Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief, September 3, 2014
• Major Islamist Militant Groups in Pakistan (fact sheet), February 2013
• Pakistan's Domestic Political Setting, CRS In Focus, updated March 28, 2024
• Flooding in Pakistan: Overview and Issues for Congress, November 18, 2010
• Security and the Environment in Pakistan, August 3, 2010
• Pakistan's Capital Crisis: Implications for U.S. Policy, updated March 6, 2009
• Pakistan's Scheduled 2008 Election: Background, January 24, 2008
• Pakistan's Political Crises, updated January 3, 2008
• Pakistan: Key Current Issues and Developments, June 1, 2010
• Pakistan-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 114th Congress, May 14, 2015
• Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance, July 1, 2013
• Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements, June 1, 2012
• Education Reform in Pakistan, December 23, 2004
• Pakistan: Significant Recent Events, March 26 - June 21, 2007, July 6, 2007
• Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001, May 4, 2015
• Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2020, March 12, 2019
• Pakistan and Terrorism: A Summary, March 27, 2007
• Pakistan: Chronology of Recent Events, updated October 20, 2006
• Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments, updated September 19, 2005
• Pakistan-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation, updated March 28, 2003
• Nuclear Threat Reduction Measures for India and Pakistan, updated February 17, 2005
• Terrorism in South Asia, updated December 13, 2004
• U.S.-Papua New Guinea Relations: Issues for Congress, updated October 5, 2023
• The Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations, updated September 14, 2022
• What If the Philippines Ends the Visiting Forces Agreement?, CRS Insight, March 17, 2020
• The Philippines, CRS In Focus, updated February 1, 2024
• The Return of the Bells of Balangiga to the Republic of the Philippines, in Context, CRS In Focus, updated November 16, 2018
• The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests--2014, May 15, 2014
• U.S.-Singapore Relations, CRS In Focus, updated May 20, 2024
• Singapore: Background and U.S. Relations, July 26, 2013
• The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement: Effects After Three Years, January 7, 2008
• Sri Lanka: Background and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated December 18, 2023
• Sri Lanka's 2019 Easter Bombings, CRS Insight, April 24, 2019
• Sri Lanka: Background and U.S. Relations, June 16, 2011
• Thailand Set to Hold Long-Awaited Election, CRS Insight, March 12, 2019
• Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 26, 2024
• Political Turmoil in Thailand and U.S. Interests, May 26, 2009
• Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, September 25, 2013
• Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations, July 29, 2015
• Timor-Leste: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement, July 3, 2012
• U.S.-Vietnam Relations, CRS In Focus, updated May 23, 2024
• U.S.-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Issues in 2020, CRS In Focus, updated February 13, 2020
• United States Lifts Remaining Restrictions on Arms Sales to Vietnam, CRS Insight, May 23, 2016
• U.S. Agent Orange/Dioxin Assistance to Vietnam, updated January 15, 2021
• Vietnam's Communist Party Chief to Make Historic First Visit to Washington, CRS Insights, June 19, 2015
• U.S.-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Issues for the 114th Congress, May 20, 2016
• U.S.-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Issues for the 111th Congress, October 29, 2009
• U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2014: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, June 24, 2014
• U.S. Assistance to Vietnam, updated February 11, 2005
• U.S.-Vietnam Relations: Background and Issues for Congress, updated October 31, 2008
• The Vietnam-U.S. Normalization Process, updated June 17, 2005
• Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implications for the United States, updated August 2, 2006
• Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations, August 29, 2012
• The Pacific Islands: Policy Issues, February 2, 2017
• Australia: Background and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated July 29, 2024
• Australia: Climate Change Issues, CRS In Focus, December 14, 2022
• Australia: Background and U.S. Relations, January 5, 2023
• Australia and New Zealand React to China's Growing Influence in the South Pacific, CRS Insight, July 26, 2018

China/Taiwan

• China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress, updated August 19, 2024
• Taiwan: Defense and Military Issues, CRS In Focus, updated August 15, 2024
• Regulation of U.S. Outbound Investment to China, CRS In Focus, updated August 12, 2024
• China's Economy: Current Trends and Issues, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• China's Global Investments: Data and Transparency Challenges, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• Section 301 Investigation: China's Maritime, Shipbuilding, and Logistics Policies, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• U.S.-Taiwan Trade and Economic Relations, CRS In Focus, updated August 9, 2024
• Evergrande Group and China's Debt Challenges, CRS In Focus, updated August 8, 2024
• U.S.-China Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated August 8, 2024
• China Primer: China's Political System, CRS In Focus, updated July 1, 2024
• TikTok and China's Digital Platforms: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated May 22, 2024
• China's "One Belt, One Road" Initiative: Economic Issues, CRS In Focus, updated May 16, 2024
• U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement, CRS In Focus, updated May 16, 2024
• U.S.-China Competition in Emerging Technologies: LiDAR, CRS In Focus, updated May 15, 2024
• Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China, CRS In Focus, updated May 13, 2024
• Taiwan Defense Issues for Congress, updated May 10, 2024
• Taiwan's Position in the World, CRS In Focus, April 29, 2024
• Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated May 23, 2024
• President Reagan's Six Assurances to Taiwan, CRS In Focus, updated March 28, 2024
• U.S. Capital Markets and China: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated March 5, 2024
• Taiwan Presidents' U.S. Transit Visits, CRS In Focus, updated February 21, 2024
• China Primer: Illicit Fentanyl and China's Role, CRS In Focus, updated February 20, 2024
• U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress, updated February 5, 2024
• China-Philippines Tensions in the South China Sea, CRS In Focus, updated January 23, 2024
• China and Sub-Saharan Africa, CRS In Focus, January 8, 2024
• Hong Kong Under the National Security Law, November 15, 2023
• China Primer: U.S.-China Relations, CRS In Focus, updated October 24, 2023
• China Primer: Hong Kong, CRS In Focus, updated October 12, 2023
• Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy, CRS In Focus, September 28, 2023
• China Primer: The People's Liberation Army (PLA), CRS In Focus, updated September 26, 2023
• China Primer: Uyghurs, CRS In Focus, updated September 22, 2023
• China Primer: Human Rights, CRS In Focus, updated September 20, 2023
• China-Russia Relations, CRS In Focus, updated September 13, 2023
• China Primer: South China Sea Disputes, CRS In Focus, updated August 21, 2023
• China and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), CRS In Focus, August 4, 2023
• China's Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean, CRS In Focus, updated June 23, 2023
• Confucius Institutes in the United States: Selected Issues, CRS In Focus, updated May 2, 2023
• "Made in China 2025" Industrial Policies: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated March 10, 2023
• Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices, CRS In Focus, January 20, 2023
• U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal, CRS In Focus, updated December 16, 2022
• China and the World: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, December 7, 2022
• U.S.-China Auditing Agreement and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, September 13, 2022
• China Primer: Human Rights, CRS In Focus, updated September 8, 2022
• The People's Republic of China's Panda Diplomacy, CRS In Focus, May 25, 2022
• China's Economic and Trade Ties with Russia, CRS In Focus, May 24, 2022
• China's Role in the Exploitation of Global Fisheries: Issues for Congress, April 12, 2022
• U.S. Challenges to China's Farm Policies, CRS Insight, updated February 17, 2022
• The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Issues for Congress, January 24, 2022
• China's Recent Trade Measures and Countermeasures: Issues for Congress, updated December 10, 2021
• China's Political System in Charts: A Snapshot Before the 20th Party Congress, November 24, 2021
• De-Dollarization Efforts in China and Russia, CRS In Focus, July 23, 2021
• China's Military: The People's Liberation Army (PLA), June 4, 2021
• The Law of Foreign Missions and Media in U.S.-China Relations, CRS Legal Sidebar, May 20, 2021
• China's New Semiconductor Policies: Issues for Congress, April 20, 2021
• Revoking Hong Kong's Preferential Trade Status: Legal Framework and Implications, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated April 2, 2021
• U.S.-China Investment Ties: Overview, CRS In Focus, updated January 15, 2021
• China's 14th Five-Year Plan: A First Look, CRS In Focus, updated January 5, 2021
• U.S.-China Military-to-Military Relations, CRS In Focus, January 4, 2021
• Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021, CRS In Focus, December 23, 2020
• COVID-19: China Medical Supply Chains and Broader Trade Issues, updated December 23, 2020
• Hong Kong's Legislative Council (Legco), CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2020
• China Issues New Export Control Law and Related Policies, CRS Insight, October 26, 2020
• Intellectual Property Violations and China: Legal Remedies, September 17, 2020
• China's Foreign Ministry Statements Signal Heightened Concern About U.S. Actions in the 116th Congress, CRS In Focus, August 18, 2020
• China's National Security Law for Hong Kong: Issues for Congress, updated August 3, 2020
• Tracking China's Global Economic Activities: Data Challenges and Issues for Congress, updated July 14, 2020
• China Moves to Impose National Security Law on Hong Kong, CRS In Focus, June 4, 2020
• Foreign Sovereign Immunity and COVID-19 Lawsuits Against China, CRS Legal Sidebar, May 15, 2020
• COVID-19 and China: A Chronology of Events (December 2019-January 2020), updated May 13, 2020
• The Coronavirus: U.S.-China Economic Considerations, CRS In Focus, updated March 2, 2020
• U.S.-China Phase I Deal: Agriculture, CRS In Focus, January 22, 2020
• China's Corporate Social Credit System, CRS In Focus, updated January 17, 2020
• Hong Kong: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated January 6, 2020
• Hong Kong's Protests of 2019, CRS In Focus, updated October 18, 2019
• U.S.-China Tariff Actions by the Numbers, October 9, 2019
• China's Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agriculture: In Brief, September 24, 2019
• China's Engagement in Djibouti, CRS In Focus, September 4, 2019
• U.S.-China Relations, August 29, 2019
• Hong Kong's Proposed Extradition Law Amendments, CRS In Focus, updated August 14, 2019
• The Administration's Designation of China as a Currency Manipulator, CRS Insight, August 9, 2019
• Trade Dispute with China and Rare Earth Elements, CRS In Focus, June 28, 2019
• Enforcing U.S. Trade Laws: Section 301 and China, CRS In Focus, updated June 26, 2019
• China's Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States, updated June 25, 2019
• U.S.-China Trade Issues, CRS In Focus, updated June 23, 2019
• U.S. Trade Friction with China Intensifies, CRS Insight, June 19, 2019
• China's Currency Policy, CRS In Focus, updated May 24, 2019
• China's Retaliatory Tariffs on U.S. Agricultural Products, CRS In Focus, January 29, 2019
• China's Status as a Nonmarket Economy (NME), CRS In Focus, updated January 10, 2019
• China-U.S. Trade Issues, July 30, 2018
• Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government Activity, Private Sector Initiatives, and Issues of Congressional Interest, May 18, 2018
• What's the Difference? -- Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data, April 23, 2018
• China-India Great Power Competition in the Indian Ocean Region: Issues for Congress, April 20, 2018
• China's Retaliatory Tariffs on Selected U.S. Agricultural Products, CRS Insight, April 4, 2018
• Taiwan: Issues for Congress, October 30, 2017
• China-India Border Tensions at Doka La, CRS Insight, August 9, 2017
• Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 115th Congress, July 17, 2017
• U.S. Beef: It's What's for China, CRS Insight, June 22, 2017
• China's February 2017 Suspension of North Korean Coal Imports, CRS Insight, April 25, 2017
• Why Did March 2016 U.N. Sanctions Not Curb China's Imports of Coal from North Korea?, CRS Insight, February 3, 2017
• The Trump-Tsai Call and the United States' "Unofficial" Relationship with Taiwan, CRS Insight, December 8, 2016
• China Issues Decision on Hong Kong Legislative Council Controversy, CRS Insight, November 15, 2016
• China's Natural Gas: Uncertainty for Markets, May 2, 2016
• The Chinese Military: Overview and Issues for Congress, March 24, 2016
• China's Recent Stock Market Volatility: What Are the Implications?, CRS Insights, February 11, 2016
• Taiwan's January 2016 Elections: A Preview, CRS Insight, January 12, 2016
• U.S.-China Cyber Agreement, CRS Insight, October 16, 2015
• Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 114th Congress, September 17, 2015
• China's Currency Devaluation, CRS Insights, August 17, 2015
• Hong Kong's Legislative Council Votes Down Chief Executive Election Reform, CRS Insights, June 22, 2015
• Chinese Land Reclamation in the South China Sea: Implications and Policy Options, June 18, 2015
• Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: The 2017 Election Reforms, June 9, 2015
• China's Mineral Industry and U.S. Access to Strategic and Critical Minerals: Issues for Congress, March 20, 2015
• China's Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), January 30, 2015
• U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues, December 11, 2014
• U.S. Assistance Programs in China, December 2, 2014
• President Obama's November 2014 Visit to China: The Bilateral Agreements, CRS Insights, November 13, 2014
• The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002: Background and Implementation, November 5, 2014
• China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy -- Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei, October 10, 2014
• China's Leaders Quash Hong Kong's Hopes for Democratic Election Reforms, CRS Insights, September 5, 2014
• Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990, August 29, 2014
• Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Issues for Congress, May 14, 2014
• China and the United States -- A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies, April 30, 2014
• China's Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts, November 12, 2013
• China's Holdings of U.S. Securities: Implications for the U.S. Economy, August 19, 2013
• U.S.-Chinese Motor Vehicle Trade: Overview and Issues, August 16, 2013
• U.S.-China Relations: An Overview of Policy Issues, August 1, 2013
• China's Currency Policy: An Analysis of the Economic Issues, July 22, 2013
• Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 113th Congress, June 19, 2013
• Understanding China's Political System, March 20, 2013
• A Guide to China's Upcoming Leadership Transitions, October 16, 2012
• Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections, September 14, 2012
• China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy, July 13, 2012
• U.S.-China Diplomacy Over Chinese Legal Advocate Chen Guangcheng, May 29, 2012
• China's Rare Earth Industry and Export Regime: Economic and Trade Implications for the United States, April 30, 2012
• China's Banking System: Issues for Congress, February 20, 2012
• China's Vice President Xi Jinping Visits the United States: What Is at Stake?, February 6, 2012
• Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy, July 18, 2011
• China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies, July 18, 2011
• Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: The 2012 Election Reforms, February 1, 2011
• China-North Korea Relations, December 28, 2010
• China's Sovereign Wealth Fund: Developments and Policy Implications, September 23, 2010
• China's Steel Industry and Its Impact on the United States: Issues for Congress, September 21, 2010
• Democratic Reforms in Taiwan: Issues for Congress, May 26, 2010
• China's Assistance and Government-Sponsored Investment Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, November 25, 2009
• The Rise of China's Auto Industry and Its Impact on the U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry, November 16, 2009
• Taiwan's Political Status: Historical Background and Ongoing Implications, November 3, 2009
• Taiwan-U.S. Relations: Developments and Policy Implications, November 2, 2009
• China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, October 8, 2009
• China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States, updated June 3, 2009
• The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002: Background and Implementation, March 17, 2009
• China's Foreign Aid Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, February 25, 2009
• Health and Safety Concerns Over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview, January 13, 2009
• Sino-Japanese Relations: Issues for U.S. Policy, December 19, 2008
• China's Space Program: Options for U.S.-China Cooperation, updated September 29, 2008
• Food and Agricultural Imports from China, updated September 26, 2008
• Taiwan: Recent Developments and US Policy Choices, updated September 17, 2008
• China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies, September 10, 2008
• Comparing Global Influence: China's and U.S. Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Trade, and Investment in the Developing World, August 15, 2008
• Tibet: Problems, Prospects, and U.S. Policy, updated July 30, 2008
• China's "Hot Money" Problems, July 21, 2008
• China's Foreign Policy: What Does It Mean for U.S. Global Interests?, July 18, 2008
• China's Foreign Policy and "Soft Power" in South America, Asia, and Africa, report to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, April 2008
• Security Implications of Taiwan's Presidential Election of March 2008, April 4, 2008
• Taiwan's 2008 Presidential Election, April 2, 2008
• How Large is China's Economy? Does it Matter?, February 13, 2008
• China's Sovereign Wealth Fund, January 22, 2008
• Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: China's December 2007 Decision, January 10, 2008
• China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy, updated January 9, 2008
• China's "Soft Power" in Southeast Asia, January 4, 2008
• China's 17th Communist Party Congress, 2007: Leadership and Policy Implications, December 5, 2007
• North Korean Refugees in China and Human Rights Issues: International Response and U.S. Policy Options, September 26, 2007
• U.S. Clothing and Textile Trade with China and the World: Trends Since the End of Quotas, July 10, 2007
• The Southwest Pacific: U.S. Interests and China's Growing Influence, July 6, 2007
• Hong Kong: Ten Years After the Handover, June 29, 2007
• China's Anti-Satellite Weapon Test, April 23, 2007
• Is China a Threat to the U.S. Economy?, updated January 23, 2007
• China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy, updated July 14, 2006
• Social Unrest in China, May 8, 2006
• China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States, updated April 4, 2006
• Internet Development and Information Control in the People's Republic of China, February 10, 2006
• China: Economic Sanctions, updated February 1, 2006
• The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices, updated January 13, 2006
• China's Space Program: An Overview, updated October 18, 2005
• China's Trade with the United States and the World, updated January 4, 2007
• China's Growing Interest in Latin America, April 20, 2005
• China-U.S. Relations During the 108th Congress, updated January 11, 2005
• China's Foreign Conventional Arms Acquisitions: Background and Analysis, updated November 6, 2001
• Underlying Strains in Taiwan-U.S. Political Relations, updated April 20, 2007
• Taiwan in 2004: Elections, Referenda, and Other Democratic Challenges, updated January 10, 2005
• China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications, updated October 10, 2001

Europe / NATO

• NATO's July 2024 Washington, DC Summit: In Brief, July 5, 2024
• Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections, updated June 20, 2024
• U.S.-European Relations in the 118th Congress, CRS In Focus, updated May 29, 2024
• The European Parliament and U.S. Interests, CRS In Focus, updated May 3, 2024
• The Nordic Countries and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated April 4, 2024
• U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council: Background and Issues, CRS In Focus, updated March 27, 2024
• The European Union: Questions and Answers, updated January 26, 2024
• U.S.-UK Trade Relations, CRS In Focus, updated August 17, 2023
• The EU's MIFID II, Broker Research, and the SEC's No-Action Letters, CRS In Focus, June 15, 2023
• U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Issues, CRS In Focus, updated June 9, 2023
• Border Carbon Adjustments: Background and Developments in the European Union, February 21, 2023
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), CRS In Focus, updated November 9, 2022
• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Background and U.S.-Baltic Relations, updated September 29, 2022
• U.S.-EU Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework, CRS In Focus, updated June 2, 2022
• U.S.-EU Trade Relations, May 6, 2022
• Northern Ireland: The Peace Process, Ongoing Challenges, and U.S. Interests, updated March 5, 2024
• Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: NATO Response, CRS Insight, February 24, 2022
• The European Union and China, CRS In Focus, updated June 4, 2023
• Europe, COVID-19, and U.S. Relations, CRS In Focus, updated January 14, 2022
• U.S.-European Relations in the 117th Congress, CRS In Focus, updated January 14, 2022
• EU Climate Action and U.S.-EU Relations, CRS In Focus, updated November 9, 2021
• Bulgaria: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated May 21, 2024
• U.S.-EU Privacy Shield and Transatlantic Data Flows, September 22, 2021
• European Union Enlargement, updated August 11, 2021
• France, the United Kingdom, and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP): Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated August 5, 2021
• EU Agricultural Domestic Support: Overview and Comparison with the United States, updated June 7, 2021
• NATO: Key Issues for the 117th Congress, updated June 3, 2021
• The Three Seas Initiative, CRS In Focus, updated April 26, 2021
• The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States, updated April 16, 2021
• Romania: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated June 14, 2022
• EU Digital Policy and International Trade, March 25, 2021
• Brexit: Overview, Trade, and Northern Ireland, March 24, 2021
• EU Data Transfer Requirements and U.S. Intelligence Laws: Understanding Schrems II and Its Impact on the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, March 17, 2021
• Boeing-Airbus Subsidy Dispute: Recent Developments, CRS In Focus, updated February 16, 2021
• U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations: Issues and Prospects, CRS In Focus, updated December 23, 2020
• Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Interests and Key Issues, updated April 27, 2020
• EU Data Protection Rules and U.S. Implications, CRS In Focus, updated July 17, 2020
• U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations: Trade in Food and Agricultural Products, February 27, 2020
• U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Ties: Magnitude and Scope, CRS In Focus, updated February 18, 2020
• Brexit: Status and Outlook, updated February 13, 2020
• Greenland, Denmark, and U.S. Relations, CRS Insight, August 30, 2019
• Norwegian Air International and Low-Cost Long-Haul Flights, CRS Insight, August 22, 2019
• New UK Leadership: Implications for Brexit, CRS Insight, July 31, 2019
• The 2019 European Parliament Elections, CRS Insight, June 5, 2019
• Spain's 2019 Election, CRS Insight, May 2, 2019
• Brexit Extended, CRS Insight, April 18, 2019
• Assessing NATO's Value, updated March 28, 2019
• Europe's Refugee and Migration Flows, CRS In Focus, updated March 20, 2019
• EU Finalizes FDI Screening Framework, CRS Insight, March 5, 2019
• The End of Intra-EU Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS): Implications for the United States, CRS Insight, updated February 13, 2019
• EU-Japan FTA: Implications for U.S. Trade Policy, CRS In Focus, updated June 26, 2020
• Brexit Deal Rejected: What Now?, CRS Insight, January 17, 2019
• Romania Assumes the EU Presidency amid Domestic Turmoil, CRS Insight, January 8, 2019
• The European Union: Current Challenges and Future Prospects, updated December 3, 2018
• Brexit at a Pivotal Moment, CRS Insight, November 28, 2018
• Proposed U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations: Hitting Pause on a Trade War?, CRS Insight, August 9, 2018
• Cyprus, CRS In Focus, updated April 1, 2019
• Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive, updated April 15, 2019
• NATO's 2018 Brussels Summit, CRS Insight, July 5, 2018
• Transatlantic Perspectives on Defense Innovation: Issues for Congress, April 24, 2018
• Northern Ireland, Brexit, and the Irish Border, CRS Insight, March 12, 2018
• Election in Italy, CRS Insight, March 8, 2018
• Transatlantic Relations in 2018, CRS Insight, January 10, 2018
• Doing Business with Iran: EU-Iran Trade and Investment Relations, CRS Insight, October 25, 2017
• Iran Policy and the European Union, CRS Insight, October 18, 2017
• Election in Germany, CRS Insight, September 18, 2017
• United Kingdom Election Result, CRS Insight, June 14, 2017
• What is the Proposed U.S.-EU Insurance Covered Agreement?, CRS Insight, June 9, 2017
• NATO Funding and Burdensharing, CRS Insight, May 19, 2017
• U.S.-UK Free Trade Agreement: Prospects and Issues for Congress, April 14, 2017
• France and U.S.-French Relations: In Brief, April 19, 2018
• France's 2017 Presidential Election: In Brief, April 13, 2017
• The Dutch Parliamentary Elections: Outcome and Implications, CRS Insight, March 20, 2017
• German Chancellor Angela Merkel Visits President Trump, CRS Insight, March 13, 2017
• Northern Ireland's Snap Assembly Elections: Outcome and Implications, CRS Insight, March 7, 2017
• The Greek Debt Crisis: Continuing Challenges, CRS Insight, March 2, 2017
• United Kingdom's Prime Minister Visits President Trump, CRS Insight, January 26, 2017
• European Union Efforts to Counter Disinformation, CRS Insight, December 1, 2016
• NATO's Warsaw Summit: In Brief, November 14, 2016
• Moldova's Political Crisis Abates, CRS Insight, June 20, 2019
• Moldova: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated April 16, 2024
• Moldova: A Pivotal Election?, CRS Insight, November 4, 2016
• EU State Aid and Apple's Taxes, CRS Insight, September 2, 2016
• The European Union's Small Business Act: A Different Approach, September 1, 2016
• Economic Implications of a United Kingdom Exit from the European Union, July 14, 2016
• After Brexit: A Diminished or Enhanced EU?, CRS Insight, June 29, 2016
• Possible Economic Impact of Brexit, CRS Insight, June 28, 2016
• United Kingdom Votes to Leave the European Union, CRS Insight, June 24, 2016
• The United Kingdom and the European Union: Stay or Go?, CRS Insight, June 20, 2016
• U.S.-Nordic Relations, CRS Insight, May 10, 2016
• Poland: Background and U.S. Relations, updated March 6, 2023
• Poland and Its Relations with the United States: In Brief, March 7, 2016
• Spain and Its Relations with the United States: In Brief, updated August 18, 2020
• The Greek Debt Crisis: Overview and Implications for the United States, April 24, 2017
• The United Kingdom Election, CRS Insights, April 29, 2015
• European Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Assessments, Responses, and Issues for the United States, April 27, 2015
• U.S.-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia, CRS Insights, March 13, 2015
• The European Capital Markets Union, CRS Insights, March 11, 2015
• The United States and Europe: Current Issues, February 3, 2015
• The U.S.-EU Beef Hormone Dispute, January 14, 2015
• U.S.-EU Cooperation Against Terrorism, December 1, 2014
• Scotland's Independence Referendum, September 15, 2014
• NATO's Wales Summit: Expected Outcomes and Key Challenges, August 26, 2014
• NATO: Response to the Crisis in Ukraine and Security Concerns in Central and Eastern Europe, July 31, 2014
• The 2014 European Parliament Elections: Outcomes and Implications, CRS Insights, July 24, 2014
• The European Parliament, May 19, 2014
• EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude, February 21, 2014
• Europe's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification, August 20, 2013
• European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations, August 7, 2013
• European Union Enlargement: A Status Report on Turkey's Accession Negotiations, August 5, 2013
• The European Union: Foreign and Security Policy, April 8, 2013
• The U.S. Congress and the European Parliament: Evolving Transatlantic Legislative Cooperation, January 2, 2013
• The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for Congress, September 26, 2012
• Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme, June 11, 2012
• NATO's Chicago Summit, May 14, 2012
• Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals, October 23, 2013
• NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues, February 15, 2012
• U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress, January 18, 2012
• The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests, January 17, 2012
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background and U.S. Policy, April 15, 2019
• Postelection Issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina, CRS Insight, October 11, 2018
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, January 24, 2013
• Europe's Preferential Trade Agreements: Status, Content, and Implications, March 3, 2011
• Missile Defense and NATO's Lisbon Summit, January 11, 2011
• U.S.-EU Poultry Dispute, December 9, 2010
• Frequently Asked Questions about IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis, August 27, 2010
• The European Union's Response to the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis, August 13, 2010
• The German Economy and U.S.-German Economic Relations, January 27, 2010
• Election in Greece, CRS Insight, September 14, 2015
• Crisis in Greece: Political Implications, CRS Insights, July 23, 2015
• Economic Crisis in Greece, CRS Insights, June 29, 2015
• Greece's Debt Crisis: Overview, Policy Responses, and Implications, August 18, 2011
• NATO in Afghanistan: A Test of the Transatlantic Alliance, December 3, 2009
• NATO's 60th Anniversary Summit, updated April 14, 2009
• NATO Enlargement: Albania, Croatia, and Possible Future Candidates, April 14, 2009
• NATO Enlargement: Senate Advice and Consent, January 16, 2009
• Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns, May 13, 2009
• The NATO Summit at Bucharest, 2008, updated May 5, 2008
• U.S.-French Commercial Ties, updated April 7, 2008
• Enlargement Issues at NATO's Bucharest Summit, March 12, 2008
• Poland's New Government: Background and Issues for the United States, February 15, 2008
• European Union - U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues, February 14, 2008
• The European Union's Energy Security Challenges, updated January 30, 2008
• NATO and the European Union, updated January 29, 2008
• Balkan Cooperation on War Crimes Issues, updated January 14, 2008
• German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications, updated May 20, 2009
• NATO and Energy Security, updated August 15, 2007
• Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations and Related Issues, updated July 20, 2007
• U.S.-European Union Relations and the 2007 Summit, updated May 14, 2007
• NATO's Prague Capabilities Commitment, updated January 24, 2007
• Germany's Relations with Israel: Background and Implications for German Middle East Policy, January 19, 2007
• Europe's New Trade Agenda, December 6, 2006
• Bosnia and the European Union Military Force (EUFOR): Post-NATO Peacekeeping, updated December 5, 2006
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: Issues for U.S. Policy, February 10, 2005
• Bosnia War Crimes: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and U.S. Policy, April 23, 1998
• The European Union in 2005 and Beyond, updated July 11, 2005
• European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis, March 1, 2005
• European Union's Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy, updated May 27, 2005
• France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations, April 14, 2011
• Greece Update, December 16, 2009
• Kosovo: Background and U.S. Policy, updated April 8, 2021
• Kosovo: Background and U.S. Relations, August 13, 2018
• Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence, updated June 20, 2008
• Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, May 7, 2013
• Kosovo: Historical Background to the Current Conflict, June 3, 1999
• North Macedonia: In Brief, updated September 9, 2020
• Macedonia Changes Name, Moves Closer to NATO Membership, CRS Insight, updated February 19, 2019
• Macedonia (FYROM): Post-Conflict Situation and U.S. Policy, updated June 17, 2005
• Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy, April 23, 2014
• Muslims in Europe: Promoting Integration and Countering Extremism, September 7, 2011
• The NATO Summit at Prague, 2002, March 1, 2005
• Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process, updated March 8, 2019
• Serbia: Background and U.S. Relations, updated November 16, 2018
• Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia, updated January 7, 2008
• Serbia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, May 13, 2013
• Serbia and Montenegro Union: Prospects and Policy Implications, updated February 2, 2005
• The United States and Europe: Possible Options for U.S. Policy, updated March 8, 2005
• NATO Applicant States: A Status Report, updated April 25, 2003
• NATO Enlargement, updated May 5, 2003
• NATO's Decision-Making Procedure, updated May 5, 2003

• U.S. Direct Financial Support for Ukraine, CRS In Focus, updated August 15, 2024
• Russia's War on Ukraine: U.S. Policy and the Role of Congress, CRS In Focus, updated June 10, 2024
• Ukrainian Military Performance and Outlook, CRS In Focus, updated June 3, 2024
• U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine, CRS In Focus, updated May 22, 2024
• Attacks on Ukraine's Electric Grid: Insights for U.S. Infrastructure Security and Resilience, May 17, 2024
• U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions, April 26, 2024
• Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief, updated April 26, 2024
• Russian Military Actions at Ukraine Nuclear Power Plants, CRS Insight, updated April 12, 2024
• Russian Military Performance and Outlook, CRS In Focus, March 8, 2024
• Uzbekistan: Background and Issues for Congress, October 18, 2023
• War Crimes in Ukraine, October 16, 2023
• Russia's War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects, updated September 14, 2023
• Russia's Wagner Group in Africa: Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, updated August 3, 2023
• Russia's Wagner Private Military Company (PMC), CRS In Focus, updated August 1, 2023
• Russia's 2022 Invasion of Ukraine: Related CRS Products, updated July 28, 2023
• Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy, updated September 4, 2024
• The Role of International Tribunals in the Response to the Invasion of Ukraine, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated March 22, 2023
• Transferring Fighter Aircraft to Ukraine: Issues and Options for Congress, March 17, 2023
• Russia's War on Ukraine: Financial and Trade Sanctions, CRS In Focus, updated February 22, 2023
• Russia's Trade and Investment Role in the Global Economy, CRS In Focus, updated January 17, 2023
• PATRIOT Air and Missile Defense System for Ukraine, CRS In Focus, updated January 18, 2023
• Ukraine and International Financial Institutions, CRS In Focus, updated January 4, 2023
• Russia's 2022 Invasion of Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Sanctions and Other Responses, CRS Insight, updated December 20, 2022
• The Economic Impact of Russia Sanctions, CRS In Focus, updated December 13, 2022
• "Hacktivists" and the Ukraine-Russia Conflict: Legal Considerations, CRS Legal Sidebar, May 13, 2022
• Russia's 2022 War Against Ukraine: Global Economic Effects, CRS In Focus, May 12, 2022
• Russian Sanctions and Cryptocurrency, CRS Insight, May 4, 2022
• Russia's Trade Status, Tariffs, and WTO Issues, CRS In Focus, updated April 11, 2022
• The Law of War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, CRS Legal Sidebar, March 16, 2022
• Russia's Nord Stream 2 Natural Gas Pipeline to Germany Halted, CRS In Focus, updated March 10, 2022
• Russian Cyber Units, CRS In Focus, updated February 2, 2022
• Ukrainian Armed Forces, CRS In Focus, updated January 26, 2022
• U.S. Sanctions on Russia, updated January 18, 2022
• Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress, November 15, 2021
• Russian Arms Sales and Defense Industry, October 14, 2021
• Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy, updated October 5, 2021
• Russian Military Exercises, CRS In Focus, October 4, 2021
• U.S. Sanctions on Russia: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated September 1, 2021
• Russia: The Navalny Poisoning, Chemical Weapons Use, and U.S. Sanctions, CRS In Focus, updated August 26, 2021
• Belarus: An Overview, CRS In Focus, updated December 6, 2023
• TurkStream: Russia's Southern Pipeline to Europe, updated May 6, 2021
• Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations, updated April 15, 2021
• Russia: Poisoning of Alexei Navalny and U.S. Policy, CRS Insight, updated March 4, 2021
• Azerbaijan and Armenia: The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, January 7, 2021
• Uzbekistan, CRS In Focus, updated September 22, 2020
• Russian Private Military Companies (PMCs), CRS In Focus, September 16, 2020
• Russian Law Enforcement and Internal Security Agencies, CRS In Focus, September 14, 2020
• Russia: Domestic Politics and Economy, September 9, 2020
• Kyrgyz Republic, CRS In Focus, updated September 1, 2020
• Turkmenistan, CRS In Focus, updated January 12, 2023
• Russian Armed Forces: Military Doctrine and Strategy, CRS In Focus, August 20, 2020
• Russian Armed Forces: Military Modernization and Reforms, CRS In Focus, July 20, 2020
• Russian Armed Forces: Capabilities, CRS In Focus, June 30, 2020
• Recent Developments in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict, CRS Insight, February 13, 2020
• Russia, the Skripal Poisoning, and U.S. Sanctions, CRS In Focus, updated August 14, 2019
• Kazakhstan: Background and Issues for Congress, August 16, 2024
• Kazakhstan, CRS In Focus, updated January 12, 2023
• Kazakhstan's Snap Presidential Election, CRS Insight, May 9, 2019
• Ukraine Elects a New President, CRS Insight, April 24, 2019
• Ukraine's Presidential Election: A Preview, CRS In Focus, updated February 14, 2019
• Russia's Use of Force Against the Ukrainian Navy, CRS Insight, December 3, 2018
• Proposals to Impose Sanctions on Russian Sovereign Debt, CRS Insight, August 6, 2018
• Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the Russian Federation: A Sketch, CRS Legal Sidebar, July 24, 2018
• Armenia's Velvet Revolution, CRS In Focus, January 16, 2019
• Civic Upheaval in Armenia, CRS Insight, May 9, 2018
• Russia's 2018 Presidential Election, CRS Insight, March 13, 2018
• The Balkans and Russia, CRS Insight, January 31, 2018
• Russia: Background and U.S. Interests, August 21, 2017
• Overview of U.S. Sanctions Regimes on Russia, CRS Insight, July 11, 2017
• U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Economic Implications, February 17, 2017
• Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, January 3, 2017
• Elections Strengthen Georgia's Ruling Party, CRS Insight, October 31, 2016
• Russia's Parliamentary Elections, CRS Insight, September 15, 2016
• Leadership Succession in Uzbekistan, CRS Insight, September 6, 2016
• Information Warfare: Russian Activities, CRS Insight, September 2, 2016
• Economic Crisis in Russia, CRS Insights, December 17, 2014
• U.S.-Russia Economic Relations, CRS Insights, August 1, 2014
• Russia Sanctions: Options, CRS Insights, July 28, 2014
• U.S. Sanctions on Russia in Response to Events in Ukraine, CRS Insights, July 18, 2014
• Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests, March 31, 2014
• Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, April 2, 2014
• Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, December 12, 2013
• Georgia's October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, November 4, 2013
• Kazakhstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, July 22, 2013
• Georgia [Republic]: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, June 21, 2013
• Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties, March 28, 2013
• Azerbaijan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, February 22, 2013
• Georgia's October 2012 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications, October 15, 2012
• Russia's Accession to the WTO and Its Implications for the United States, June 15, 2012
• Belarus: Background and U.S. Policy Concerns, February 12, 2013
• Russia's March 2012 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, March 14, 2012
• Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, August 30, 2013
• Russia's December 2011 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications, December 13, 2011
• Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy, August 24, 2011
• Stability in Russia's Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments, December 13, 2010
• The April 2010 Coup in Kyrgyzstan: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests, June 15, 2010
• Russian Energy Policy toward Neighboring Countries, September 2, 2009
• Kyrgyzstan and the Status of the U.S. Manas Airbase: Context and Implications, July 1, 2009
• Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States, updated June 29, 2009
• Russia-Georgia Conflict in August 2008: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests, updated March 3, 2009
• Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Security Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests, updated January 14, 2009
• Azerbaijan's October 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, October 27, 2008
• Russia's 2008 Presidential Succession, February 26, 2008
• Georgia's January 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, January 25, 2008
• Russia's December 2007 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications, December 10, 2007
• Estonia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, July 11, 2007
• Russian Oil and Gas Challenges, updated June 20, 2007
• Armenia's Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications for U.S. Interests, June 8, 2007
• U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union, updated March 1, 2007
• Turkmenistan's Political Succession: Developments and Implications, January 18, 2007
• Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests, updated August 29, 2006
• Unrest in Uzbekistan: Context and Implications, June 8, 2005
• Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, August 21, 2013
• Kyrgyzstan's Constitutional Crisis: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests, updated January 5, 2007
• Coup in Kyrgyzstan: Developments and Implications, April 14, 2005
• Bringing Peace to Chechnya? Assessments and Implications, updated February 11, 2005
• Ukraine's Orange Revolution and U.S. Policy, April 1, 2005
• Ukraine's Political Crisis and U.S. Policy Issues, updated February 1, 2005
• Russian Capital Flight, Economic Reforms, and U.S. Interests: An Analysis, March 10, 2000
• Russian Fighter Aircraft Industrial Base: Parallels with the United States? November 8, 2000
• International Crime: Russian Organized Crime's Role and U.S. Interests, October 30, 1998
• The 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis, February 6, 1998
• Russian Conventional Armed Forces: On the Verge of Collapse?, September 4, 1997

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